conifers. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 135 



PINUS PUNGENS. 

 Table-Mountain Pine. Hickory Pine. 



Leaves in 2-leaved clusters, stout, blue-green, from 1J to 2J inches in length. 

 Cones oblong-conical, oblique, from 2 to 3J inches long, their scales armed with stout 

 hooked spines. 



Pinus pungens, Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. i. 61, t. 5 De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 379. — K. Koch, Dendr. 



(1810). — Nouveau Duhamel, v. 236, t. 67, f. 4. — ii. pt. ii. 304. — Meehan, Rep. Penn. Fruit Growers 



Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. 643. — Poiret, Lamarck Diet. Soc. 1877, t. — Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. iv. 



Suppl. iv. 416. — Elliott, Sk. ii. 635. — Sprengel, Syst. 183. — Veitch, Man. Conif. 158. — Sargent, Forest Trees 



iii. 886. — Lawson & Son, Agric. Man. 347 ; List No. N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 199. — Lauche, Deutsche 



10, Abietinece, 41. — D. Don, Lambert Pinus, iii. t. — Dendr. ed. 2, 109. — Schiibeler, Virid. Norveg. i. 393. — 



Forbes, Pinetum Woburn. 17, t. 5. — Antoine, Conif. 18, Watson & Coulter, Gray's Man. ed. 6, 491. — Mayr, 



t. 5, f . 4. — Nuttall, Sylva, iii. 125. — Spach, Hist. Veg. Wald. Nordam. 192, t. 8, f. — Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 



xi. 387. — Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 166. — Knight, Syn. 214, f. 56. — Masters, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 238. — 



Conif. 27. — Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. Hansen, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 385 (Pinetum Dani- 



v. 217. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 399. — Carriere, TraitS Conif. cum). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 37. — Britton & 



359. — Gordon, Pinetum, 181. — Courtin, Fam. Conif. Brown, 111. Fl. i. 53, f. 117. 



87. — Chapman, Fl. 432. — Curtis, Rep. Geolog. Surv. N. Pinus montana, Noll, The Botanical Class-Book and 



Car. 1860, iii. 20. — Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. Flora of Penn. 340 (not Miller, Lambert, nor Hoffman) 



21. — (Nelson) Senilis, Pinacece, 127. — Hoopes, Ever- (1852). 

 greens, 98, f. 13. — Seneclauze, Conif. 140. — Parlatore, 



A tree, when crowded by its neighbors in the forest occasionally sixty feet in height, with a trunk 

 two or three feet in diameter, and a few short branches near the summit forming a narrow round-topped 

 head ; or in open ground usually twenty or thirty feet tall, and often fertile when only a few feet high, 

 with a short thick trunk frequently clothed to the ground with long stout horizontal branches, the 

 lower pendulous toward the extremities, and the upper sweeping upward in graceful curves and forming 

 a broad open flat-topped and often very irregular head. The bark on the lower part of the trunk is 

 from three quarters of an inch to nearly an inch in thickness, and is broken into irregularly shaped 

 plates separating on the surface into thin loose dark brown scales tinged with red ; higher on the stem 

 and on the branches it is dark brown broken into thin loose scales. The winter branch-buds are 

 narrowed from the middle to the ends, and rather obtuse at the apex, the terminal bud being half 

 an inch long and nearly a quarter of an inch broad and usually two or three times larger than the 

 lateral buds j their scales are ovate, lustrous, dark chestnut-brown, and scarious on the margins, and soon 

 becoming reflexed on the lengthening shoots gradually disappear and leave their dark bases to roughen 

 the branches for many years. The branchlets, which are stout and glabrous, when they first appear 

 are light orange-color, and growing darker during their first year, become tinged with purple, especially 

 on the upper side, in the following season, and then slowly turn dark brown. The leaves are borne 

 in crowded clusters of two, with sheaths which at first are thin and scarious, light chestnut-brown, and 

 about three eighths of an inch long, but before the end of the season become little more than an eighth 

 of an inch in length, thick and nearly black, with a loose lacerated margin, and are persistent with the 

 leaves, which fall irregularly during their second and third years ; the leaves are rigid, usually twisted, 

 finely serrulate, sharp-pointed with short callous tips, dark blue-green, from an inch and a quarter to 

 two inches and a half long and about a sixteenth of an inch wide ; they contain two fibro- vascular 

 bundles from two to five parenchymatous resin ducts, some of them smaller than the others and often 



