cootfeil*. 8ILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 139 



PINUS MURICATA. 

 Prickle-cone Pine. 



Leaves in 2-leaved clusters, rigid, dark green, from 4 to 6 inches in length. Cones 

 ovate, oblique, serotinous, persistent, from 2 to 3i inches long, their scales armed with 

 stout incurved spines. 



Pinus muricata, D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii. 441 Conif. 151. — Kellogg, Trees of California, 64. — Mas- 



(1837) ; Lambert Pinus, iii. t. — Loudon, Arb. Brit. iv. ters, Gard. Chron. n. ser. xxi. 49, f. 7-9 ; Jour. R. Hort. 



2269, f . 2180. — Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, Soc. xiv. 235. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th 



393. — Antoine, Conif. 32, t. 14, f. 1. — Nuttall, Sylva, Census U. S. ix. 199. — Lemmon, Rep. California State 



iii. 113. — Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 161. — Knight, Syn. Board Forestry, ii. 77, 118 {Pines of the Pacific Slope) ; 



Conif 26. — Lawson & Son, List No. 10, Abietineo3, West - American Cone-Bearers, 43. — Steele, Proc. Am. 



32. — Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. iv. 216, f. ; Ft. des Pharm. Assoc. 1889, 244 (The Pines of California). — 



Serres, v. 517 b , f. ; Pinetum, 173 ; ed. 2, 246 (excl. syn. Mayr, Wold. Nordam. 275, t. 8, f. — Beissner, Handb. 



Pinus Murray ana). — Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Nadelh. 213. — Hansen, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 378 



Soc. Lond. v. 217. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 398. — Carriere, (Pinetum Danicum). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 37. 



Traits Conif. 359. — Torrey, Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. Pinus Bdgariana, Hartweg, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. iii. 



209, t. 54 (Pinus Edgariana on plate). — Courtin, Fam. 217, 226 (1848). 



Conif. 78. — Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 60.— Pinus inops, var. ? Bentham, PL Hartweg. 337 (1857). 



(Nelson) Senilis, Pinacece, 121. — Hoopes, Evergreens, Pinus contorta, Bolander, Proc. Cal. Acad. iii. 227, 317 



92. — Sene"clauze, Conif. 127. — Parlatore, De Candolle (not Loudon) (1866). 



Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 379. — K. Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. Pinus muricata, var. Anthonyi, Lemmon, West- American 



302. — Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. iv. 183 •, Cone-Bearers, 43 (1895). 

 Brewer & Watson Bot. Cal. ii. 128. — Veitch, Man. 



A tree, usually forty or fifty feet but occasionally ninety feet in height, with a trunk from two to 

 three feet in diameter, and stout spreading branches covered with dark scaly bark, in youth forming a 

 regular pyramid and at maturity a handsome compact round-topped head of dark dense tufted foliage. 

 The bark on the lower part of the trunk is frequently from four to six inches in thickness and is 

 deeply divided into long narrow rounded ridges roughened with closely appressed dark purple or dark 

 purplish brown scales. 1 The winter branch-buds are ovate, acute, and covered with scales, which 

 toward the apex of the bud are light red-brown and closely appressed, and below are darker with free 

 reflexed tips, and are clothed on the margins with matted pale hairs, the terminal bud being about a 

 third of an inch long, an eighth of an inch thick, and nearly three times as large as the lateral buds ; 

 their inner scales, which are somewhat fimbriate on the margins and often an inch long when fully 

 grown, become reflexed on the lengthening shoots and soon fall from their bases, which, growing thick 

 and dark, roughen for many years the branches. These are stout and glabrous, and when they first 

 appear are dark orange-green, turning orange-brown during their first summer and then gradually 

 brown more or less tinged with purple. The leaves are borne in crowded clusters of two, with close 

 firm sheaths at first pale chestnut-brown below, scarious and white above, and about two thirds of an 

 inch long, and in their second year, when the leaves occasionally begin to fall, thick, dark, and not 

 more than a quarter of an inch in length with loose broken margins ; the leaves are rigid, serrulate, 

 acute with short callous tips, dark yellow-green, from four to six inches long and about one twelfth of 

 an inch wide, and contain two fibro-vascular bundles, from two to nine resin ducts, and strengthening 

 cells under the epidermis, usually in two layers, interrupted by the numerous bands of stomata. 2 The 

 staminate flowers, which are produced in elongated spikes, are oval and about a quarter of an inch long, 



1 See Garden and Forest, x. f . 30, where the character of the 2 Coulter & Rose, Bot. Gazette, xi. 305. 



bark of this tree is well displayed. 



