CONIFERJE. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



143 



PINUS ECHINATA. 

 Yellow Pine. Short-leaved Pine. 



Leaves in clusters of 2 and of 3, slender, dark blue-green, from 3 to 5 inches in 

 length. Cones ovate or oblong-conical, from 1J to 2 \ inches long, their scales armed 

 with minute slender prickles. 



Pinus echinata, Miller, Diet. ed. 8, No. 12 (1768). — 

 Muenchhausen, Hausv. v. 220. — Marshall, Arbust. Am. 

 100. — Burgsdorf, Anleit. pt. ii. 161. — Wangenheim, 

 Nordam. Holz. 74. — Britton & Brown, El. Fl. 52, f. 

 116. — Mohr, Bull. No. 33, Div. Forestry U. S. Dept. 

 Agric. 85, t. 12-16 {The Timber Pines of the Southern 

 U. S.). 



Pinus Virginiana, b echinata, Du Roi, Obs. Bot. 44 

 (1771) ; Harbk. Baumz. ii. 38. 



Pinus squarrosa, Walter, Fl. Car. 237 (1788). 



Pinus Tseda, y variabilis, Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii. 368 

 (1789). 



Pinus Taeda, /? echinata, Castiglioni, Viag. negli Stati 

 Uniti, ii. 312 (1790). 



Pinus mitis, Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 204 (1803). — Mi- 

 chaux, f . Hist. Arb. Am. i. 52, t. 3. — Poiret, Lamarck 

 Diet. Suppl. iv. 416. — Antoine, Conif. 16, t. 5, £. 1. — 

 Spach, Hist. Veg. xi. 386.— Torrey, Fl. N. Y. ii. 229.— 

 Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 167. — Knight, Syn. Conif. 26. — 

 Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. v. 217. — Die- 

 trich, Syn. v. 399. — Carriere, Traite Conif. 361. — Gor- 

 don, Pinetum, 170 ; ed. 2, 243 (excl. syn. Pinus Boy- 

 lei). — Chapman, Fl. 433. — Curtis, Rep. Geolog. Surv. 



N. Car. 1860, iii. 19. — Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. 

 Nadelh. 23. — Hoopes, Evergreens, 88. — Sdndclauze, 

 Conif. 138. — Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 

 380. — K. Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 300. — Nordlinger, 

 Forstbot. 397. — Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. iv. 

 184. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. 

 ix. 200 (excl. hab. Kansas). — Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. 

 ed. 2, 108. — Watson & Coulter, Gray's Man. ed. 6, 

 491. — Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 118, t. 8, f . — Beissner, 

 Handb. Nadelh. 216. — Masters, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 

 233. — Hansen, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 374 {Pinetum 

 Danicum). — Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 554 

 {Man. PL W. Texas). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 36. 

 Pinus variabilis, Lambert, Pinus, i. 22, t. 15 (1803). — 

 Willdenow, Spec. iv. pt. i. 498. — Persoon, Syn. ii. 578. — 

 Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, vi. 460. — Nouveau 

 Duhamel, v. 235, t. 69, f. 2. — Pursh, FL Am. Sept. ii. 

 643. — Nuttall, Gen. ii. 223. — Elliott, Sk. ii. 633. — 

 Sprengel, Syst. iii. 886. — Lawson & Son, Agric. Man. 

 349 ; List No. 10, Abietinece, 44. — Forbes, Pinetum 

 Woburn. .35, t. 11. — Antoine, Conif. 15, t. 5, f. 2. — 

 Link, Linncea, xv. 502. — Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 168. — 

 Dietrich, Syn. v. 399. — Courtin, Fam. Conif. 92. 



A tree, usually from eighty to one hundred or occasionally one hundred and twenty feet in height, 

 with a tall slightly tapering stem and a short pyramidal truncate head of comparatively slender 

 branches which are rarely more than twenty feet in length and frequently somewhat pendulous, often 

 producing from the stump, or from the stem and branches when injured by fire, vigorous shoots * usually 

 covered with lanceolate long-pointed pale gray-green primordial leaves. The bark of the trunk is from 

 three quarters of an inch to an inch in thickness, and is broken into large irregularly shaped plates 

 covered with small closely appressed light cinnamon-red scales. The winter branch-buds are ovate, and 

 gradually narrowed to the rather obtuse apex, the terminal bud, which is twice as large as the lateral 

 buds, being about a quarter of an inch long and an eighth of an inch thick ; they are covered by 

 closely imbricated ovate-lanceolate chestnut-brown scales darker above the middle and divided into 

 pale matted filaments, those of the inner ranks, which are fimbriated on the margins, remaining on the 

 branches for four or five years. The branchlets, which are stout and brittle, are pale green or violet 

 color, and covered when they first appear with a glaucous bloom ; becoming dark red-brown tinged 

 with purple before the end of the season, they then gradually grow darker, the bark beginning in the 

 third year to separate into large scales, which when they fall disclose the light orange-brown inner bark. 

 The leaves are borne in crowded clusters, usually of two but frequently of three, and rarely on vigorous 



1 Pinchot, Garden and Forest, x. 192. — Fernow, Garden and Forest, x. 209. — Gifford, The Forester, iii. 73. 



