CONIFERS. 



SILVA OF NOBTH AMERICA. 



151 



PINUS PALUSTRIS. 



Long-leaved Pine. Southern Pine. 



Leaves in clusters of 3, slender, flexible, dark green, from 8 to 18 inches in 

 length. Cones cylindrical or conical, oblong, from 6 to 10 inches long, their scales 

 armed with short recurved spines. 



Pinus palustris, Miller, Diet. ed. 8, No. 14 (1768).— 

 Muenchhausen, Hausv. v. 220. — Du Roi, Harbk. Baumz. 

 ii. 49. — Burgsdorf, Anleit. pt. ii. 163. — Wangenheim, 

 Nordam. Holz. 73. — Walter, Fl. Car. 237. — Aiton, 

 Hort. Kew. iii. 368. — Abbot & Smith, Insects of Georgia, 

 i. 83, t. 42. — Willdenow, Berl. Baumz. 211 ; Spec. iv. pt. 

 i. 499. — Borkhausen, Handb. Forstbot. 434. — Michaux, 

 Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 204. — Lambert, Pinus, i. 27, t. 20. — 

 Poiret, Lamarck Diet. v. 341. — Persoon, Syn. ii. 578. — 

 Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, vi. 461. — Des- 

 fontaines, Hist. Arb. ii. 612. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. 

 644. — Nuttall, Gen. ii. 223. — Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 174. — 

 EUiott, Sk. ii. 637. — Sprengel, Syst. iii. 887. — Forbes, 

 Pinetum Woburn. 59, t. 22. — Link, Handb. ii. 477 ; Lin- 

 ncea, xv. 506. — Griffith, Med. Bot. 604. — Sargent, Forest 

 Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 201. — Watson & 

 Coulter, Gray's Man. ed. 6, 491. — Masters, Jour. B. 

 Hort. Soc. xiv. 236. — Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 

 ii. 554 {Man. PI. W. Texas) .— Britton & Brown, HI. 

 Fl. i. 51, f . 112. — Mohr, Bull. No. 13, Div. Forestry 

 U. S. Dept. Agric. 26, t. 2-7 {The Timber Pines of the 

 Southern U. S.). 



Pinus lutea, Walter, Fl. Car. 237 (1788). 



Pinus Tseda, 8 palustris, Castiglioni, Viag. negli Stati 

 Uniti, ii. 313 (1790). 



Pinus longifolia, Salisbury, Prodr. 398 (1796). 



Pinus australis, Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. i. 64, t. 6 

 (1810). — Nouveau Duhamel, v. 246, t. 75, f. 3. — Law- 

 son & Son, Agric. Man. 350 ; List No. 10, Abietuwce, 

 30. — Loudon, Arb. Brit. iv. 2255, f. 2156-2160. — An- 

 toine, Conif. 23, t. 6, f . 2. — Spach, Hist. V6g. xi. 392. — 

 Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 165. — Carson, Med. Bot. ii. 43, t. 

 87. — Gihoul, Arb. Pes. 33. — Knight, Syn. Conif. 30. — 

 Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. v. 217. — Die- 

 trich, Syn. v. 399. — Carriere, Traite Conif. 345. — Gor- 

 don, Pinetum, 187. — Courtin, Fam. Conif. 76. — Chap- 

 man, Fl. 434. — Curtis, Rep. Geolog. Surv. N. Car. 1860, 

 iii. 24. — Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 65. — (Nel- 

 son) Senilis, Pinacece, 103. — Hoopes, Evergreens, 109. — 

 Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 392. — Nord- 

 linger, Forstbot. 401. — Bentley & Trimen, Med. PI. iv. 

 258, t. 258. — Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. iv. 

 185. — Veitch, Man. Conif. 172. — Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 

 109, t. 7, f. — Hansen, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 346 {Pine- 

 tum Danicum). 



? Pinus australis excelsa, Loudon, Arb. Brit. iv. 2256 

 (1838). — Forbes, Pinetum Woburn. 62. — Courtin, Fam. 

 Conif 76. 



A tree, growing to an average height of about one hundred feet and to a maximum height of one 

 hundred and twenty, with a tall straight slightly tapering trunk usually from two to two and a half 

 feet but occasionally three feet in diameter, a massive tap-root penetrating deep into the ground, thick 

 lateral roots spreading widely near the surface or descending deeply, and stout slightly branched 

 gnarled and twisted limbs covered with thin dark scaly bark, and forming an open elongated and 

 usually very irregular head from one third to one half the length of the tree. The bark of the trunk 

 varies from one sixteenth to one half of an inch in thickness, and is light orange-brown and separated 

 on the surface into large closely appressed papery scales, or when much thickened broken by shallow 

 longitudinal and cross fissures into oblong scaly plates. The winter branch-buds gradually widen from 

 the base to above the middle and then narrow to the acute apex, the terminal bud, which is often twice 

 as large as the lateral buds, being from two to two and a half inches long and half an inch thick ; they 

 are covered by elongated linear-lanceolate silvery white lustrous scales divided on the margins, except 

 near the apex, into long spreading filaments which form a cobweb-like network over the bud through 

 which spread the slightly reflexed tips of the scales ; the inner scales, which at first densely cover the 

 lengthening shoots, become much reflexed and, slowly changing to a dull orange-color, usually remain 

 at the base of the leaf-clusters until these fall, leaving their much thickened bases to roughen the 



