conifer* SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 157 



PINUS HETEROPHYLLA. 



Slash Pine. Swamp Pine. 



Leaves in 2 and in 3-leaved clusters, stout, dark green, from 8 to 12 inches in 

 length. Cones ovate or elongated-conical, from 3 to 6| inches long, their scales armed 

 with short slender prickles. 



Pinus heterophylla, Sudworth, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 10th Census U. S. ix. 202. — Mayr, Wold. Nordam. 115, 



xx. 45 (1893) ; Rep. U. S. Dept. Agric. 1892, 329. — t, 7, f . — Masters, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 228. 



Mohr, Bull. No. 13, Div. Forestry U. S. Dept. Agric. 75, Pinus Bahamensis, Grisebach, Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 503 

 t. 9-11 {The Timber Pines of the Southern U. S.). (1864). — Baker, Hooker Icon. xix. t. 1807. 



Pinus Taeda, var. heterophylla, Elliott, Sk. ii. 636 Pinus Cubensis, var. ? terthrocarpa, Grisebach, Cat. PL 

 (1824). Cuba, 217 (1866). 



Pinus Cubensis, Grisebach, Mem. Am. Acad. viii. 530 Pinus Elliottii, Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. iv. 186, 

 (1863) ; Cat. PI. Cuba, 217. — Parlatore, Be Candolle t. 1-3 (1879). — Chapman, Fl. ed. 2', Suppl. 650. — Han- 



Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 396. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. sen, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 358 (Pinetum Danicum). 



A tree, from one hundred to one hundred and fifteen feet in height, with a slightly tapering trunk 

 from two and a half to three feet in diameter and free of branches for sixty or seventy feet above the 

 ground, a comparatively small tap-root furnished with stout lateral roots spreading widely near the 

 surface of the ground, and heavy horizontal branches forming a handsome round-topped head forty or 

 fifty feet across. The bark of the trunk is from three quarters of an inch to an inch and a half in 

 thickness, and is irregularly divided by shallow fissures into broad flat plates separating on the surface 

 into thin dark red-brown scales which in falling disclose the light orange-brown inner bark. The 

 winter branch-buds are cylindrical and gradually narrowed at the apex, the terminal bud being an inch 

 and a half long and a third of an inch thick and much larger than the lateral buds, and are covered 

 by ovate acute light chestnut-brown lustrous scales terminating in slender spreading dark tips and 

 separating on the margins into long slender white filaments which form over the bud a cobweb-like 

 covering thickest near its base ; the inner scales, becoming much reflexed, are persistent for at least two 

 years and then fall, leaving their elevated and thickened dark bases to roughen for many years the 

 stout glabrous branches, which, pale orange-color when they appear, are orange-brown during their first 

 winter and then slowly grow darker. The leaves are borne in crowded clusters of two or of three, the 

 two-leaved clusters being most common on young vigorous trees and on fertile branches, with sheaths 

 which at first are thin, close, scarious, pale chestnut-brown below and from half an inch to nearly an 

 inch in length, and which, becoming shorter, and ragged on the margins, fall with the leaves at the end 

 of their second season ; the leaves are closely serrulate, acute with short callous tips, dark green and 

 lustrous, stomatiferous with numerous bands of stomata on each face, from eight to twelve inches but 

 usually about nine inches in length and about one sixteenth of an inch in breadth ; they contain two 

 fibro-vascular bundles, from four to six internal resin passages, and strengthening cells usually in a 

 single layer under the epidermis and in clusters at the angles of the leaf. 1 The flowers open in 

 January and February some time before the appearance of the new leaves, the staminate in short 

 crowded clusters from the lowest scales of the branch-buds, the pistillate subterminal on stout peduncles 

 from one half of an inch to an inch in length and covered by ovate acute chestnut-brown bracts 

 scarious on the margins, those immediately under the flower being broader than the others, rounded 

 at the apex spreading, reflexed, and membranaceous. The staminate flowers, which fall as soon as 



1 Coulter & Rose, Bot. Gazette, xi. 309. 



