ROSACEZ. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 73 
CRATAiGUS COLLINA. 
Haw. 
STAMENS 20; anthers pale yellow. Leaves obovate to oval, acute, subcoriaceous, 
dull yellow-green. 
Cratzgus collina, Chapman, Fi. S. States, ed. 2, Suppl. 2, Life of Alabama). — Britton, Man. 520. — Gattinger, 
684 (1892); ed. 3, 140.— Beadle, Bot. Gazette, xxv. Fl. Tennessee, 100. 
357. — Mohr, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. vi. 548 (Plant Crategus collicola, Ashe, Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 
xvi. pt. ii. 75 (1900). 
A tree, usually from fifteen to twenty but occasionally twenty-five feet in height, with a tall 
straight stem often buttressed at the base, and frequently armed with many large much-branched spines 
sometimes six or eight inches long, and stout nearly horizontal wide-spreading branches forming a 
handsome flat-topped symmetrical head. The bark of the trunk is thin and covered with small closely 
appressed dark red-brown scales which in falling disclose the bright cinnamon-red mner bark. The 
branchlets are slender, slightly zigzag, marked by small oblong pale lenticels, and furnished with 
numerous stout lustrous spines from two to three inches in length; when they first appear they are 
dark red or green tinged with red, and villose, with long matted silky white hairs; these soon disappear 
and during the remainder of the season they are rather bright red-brown and puberulous, becoming 
lighter-colored during their second season, and ultimately ashy gray. The leaves vary from obovate to 
oval or occasionally to rhomboidal, and are acute at the apex, gradually narrowed or broadly cuneate at 
the entire base, irregularly and often doubly serrate above, with glandular incurved or straight teeth ; 
when they unfold they are bright red and covered with soft pale hairs which are most abundant along 
the under side of the midribs and principal veins, and in the autumn they are subcoriaceous, yellow- 
green on the upper surface, paler on the lower surface, and glabrous with the exception of a few hairs 
on the under side of the stout yellow midribs and four or five pairs of slender primary veins which are 
only slightly impressed on the upper side of the leaf; they vary from an inch and a half to two inches 
in length, and from an inch to an inch and a quarter in width, and are borne on slender villose but 
soon glabrous petioles more or less winged toward the apex by the decurrent bases of the leaf-blades 
and from one quarter to one half of an inch in length. The stipules are linear, villose, entire, rarely 
glandular, and caducous. On vigorous leading shoots the leaves are frequently divided into short 
broad acute lateral lobes, are much more coarsely dentate than the leaves of lateral branchlets, and are 
often three inches long and two inches and a half wide, with stout petioles broadly winged above and 
generally bright red like the lower side of the base of the midribs; and their stipules are often lunate, 
stipitate, and a quarter of an inch long. The flowers, which appear at the end of April when the leaves 
are less than a third grown, and earlier than those of the other species of the region, are three quarters 
of an inch in diameter and are produced on long stout pedicels, in broad compound many-flowered 
villose corymbs, with lanceolate or linear finely glandular-serrate caducous bracts and bractlets which 
turn bright red before falling. The calyx-tube is broadly obconic and villose, particularly toward the 
base, and the lobes are gradually contracted from broad bases, acuminate, usually glabrous on the outer 
surface, villose on the inner surface, finely glandular-serrate, with dark glands, bright red toward the 
apex, and reflexed after the flowers open. There are usually twenty stamens with slender filaments and 
large pale yellow anthers, and five styles. The fruit, which ripens in September and has mostly fallen 
before the middle of October, is borne in few-fruited erect or drooping puberulous clusters, on stout 
