ROSACEZ. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 85 
CRATAIGUS ARKANSANA. 
Red Haw. 
STAMENS 20; anthers pale yellow. Leaves oblong-ovate to oval, acute, coriaceous, 
dull dark green. 
Crategus Arkansana, Sargent, Bot. Gazette, xxxi. 223 (1901). 
A tree, twenty feet in height, with a tall straight stem covered with pale scaly bark, and thick 
slightly ascending and wide-spreading branches forming a broad open irregular head. The branchlets 
are very stout, somewhat zigzag, marked by many small pale lenticels, and unarmed or armed with 
occasional straight light chestnut-brown shining spines gradually narrowed from broad bases, and 
usually from one third to one half of an inch in length; dark green and covered when they first appear 
with long pale hairs, at midsummer the lateral fertile branchlets are coated with rusty pubescence, and 
the leading shoots are often glabrous and light orange-brown and lustrous, and during their first winter 
the branchlets are orange-brown and very lustrous, becoming ashy gray in their second year. The 
winter-buds are acute, about an eighth of an inch long, nearly as broad as they are long, dark red, and 
puberulous along the margins of the outer scales. The leaves are oblong-ovate or oval, acute at the 
apex, broadly cuneate, rounded or truncate at the base, usually divided above the middle into three or 
four pairs of short broad acute lobes, and serrate, sometimes to the base, with short straight glandular 
teeth ; when the flowers open about the middle of May they are nearly one third grown and are 
coated with soft white hairs which are most abundant on the under surface of the midribs and veins, 
and in the autumn they are thick and leathery, dull dark green and glabrous on the upper surface, pale 
yellow-green on the lower surface, from two to three inches in length and from an inch and three 
quarters to two inches in width, with stout light yellow midribs and primary veins deeply impressed 
above and slightly villose below, with scattered pale hairs, and conspicuous secondary veins and reticulate 
veinlets ; they are borne on stout deeply grooved petioles more or less winged toward the apex, glandular, 
with minute usually deciduous dark glands, at first tomentose but ultimately glabrous or puberulous, 
generally dark red after midsummer, and from an inch to an inch and a half long. The stipules 
are glandular-serrate, villose, linear-lanceolate or narrowly obovate, and about half an inch long. On 
vigorous leading shoots the leaves are usually broadly ovate, rounded or truncate at the base, and often 
four inches long and three inches wide, with foliaceous, lunate, coarsely glandular-dentate stipules 
sometimes nearly an inch in length. Late in October or early in November the leaves turn bright 
clear yellow. The flowers are an inch in diameter, and are produced on short stout pedicels, in broad 
rather compact many-flowered thin-branched villose compound corymbs, with oblong-obovate and acute 
or linear-lanceolate finely glandular-serrate often persistent bracts and bractlets. The calyx-tube is 
narrowly obconic, coated with long matted pale hairs, and the lobes are short, acute, very coarsely 
glandular-serrate, and glabrous or slightly villose. There are twenty stamens with slender filaments 
and large pale yellow anthers, and five styles. The fruit, which ripens at the end of October, and then 
remaining on the branches for several weeks falls gradually, hangs in few-fruited drooping clusters, on 
stout villose pedicels; it is oblong or rarely obovate, full and rounded and slightly tomentose at the 
ends, bright crimson, very lustrous, marked by few large dark dots, from three quarters of an inch 
to an inch long, and about three quarters of an inch thick ; the calyx-cavity is deep but comparatively 
narrow, and the lobes are small, linear-lanceolate, coarsely glandular-serrate, red on the upper side 
toward the base, erect, and persistent; the flesh is thick, yellow, and subacid. The five nutlets are 
