110 
SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 
ROSACE. 
tree of this species, still standing, was large enough sixty years ago to be an object of interest and 
e ° 1 
consideration. 
vineyardist and small farmer. Realizing that his native land, im- 
poverished by the Napoleonic wars, offered to the rural population 
little opportunity for advancement, George Ellwanger, while still a 
boy, turned his thoughts to America, and having determined to emi- 
grate to the United States, apprenticed himself for four years in 
the principal horticultural establishment in Stuttgart, in order to 
learn the nursery and florist business, paying a hundred guilders for 
the privilege of working without pay from sunrise to sunset. 
In 1835 George Ellwanger landed in New York, and after a visit 
to relatives in Ohio settled in Rochester, which had attracted his 
attention on his journey westward over the Erie Canal. The fol- 
lowing spring he became the manager of Reynolds & Bateham’s 
nursery in that town, then the only commercial horticultural estab- 
lishment in western New York, and in the spring of 1838, the pro- 
prietors having dissolved partnership, their nursery came into his 
possession. The following year Mr. Ellwanger purchased part of 
the land now occupied by the Mount Hope nurseries, and planted 
the best selected and most complete collection of fruit-trees which 
had been brought to this country. This standard and carefully 
named collection laid the foundation of the great usefulness and 
prosperity of the Mount Hope nurseries, which for more than sixty 
years have been an important factor in the development of horti- 
cultural and rural prosperity in the United States, and have made 
Rochester the chief horticultural centre in America. 
In 1840 Mr. Ellwanger associated with himself Mr. Patrick 
Barry, and although in 1843 a disastrous fire destroyed nearly all 
their growing stock and the buildings of the nursery, the career of 
the firm has been one of great and sustained enterprise and suc- 
cess ; and from the fruit-trees propagated at Mount Hope have 
The wealth which 
his industry, intelligence, and force of character has brought to Mr. 
sprung the orchards of the west and of Japan. 
Ellwanger has been liberally used for the benefit of the public. In 
1890 the firm presented to the city of Rochester Highland Park, with 
its great pavilion dedicated for all time to the children of the city. 
In 1890 Mr. Ellwanger established and endowed in Rochester a home 
for aged Germans, and in 1893 he restored the old church in his 
native village. He is vice-president of the Reynolds Library Asso- 
ciation of Rochester, and a trustee or director of many of the prin- 
cipal charitable and financial associations of that city, to whose 
prosperity and fame he has largely contributed. 
1 The tree in the Mount Hope nurseries at Rochester which first 
attracted my attention to this species was measured in July, 1901, 
by Mr. C. C. Laney, the superintendent of the Rochester Parks, 
who found it to be 23.4 feet high, with a spread of branches of 26.6 
feet from north to south, and of 29 feet from east to west, and 
with a trunk circumference of 3.68 feet at the level of the ground, 
of 3.35 feet at 3 feet above the ground, and of 3.45 feet at 5.5 
feet above the ground at the point where it begins to divide into 
three principal branches. 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE. 
Puate DCLXXI. 
Cratacous ELLWANGERIANA. 
1. A flowering branch, natural size. 
. Vertical section of a flower, enlarged. 
. A calyx-lobe, enlarged. 
. A fruit cut transversely, showing the nutlets. 
. A nutlet, side view, enlarged. 
2 
3 
4. A fruiting branch, natural size. 
5 
6 
¢ 
. A winter branchlet, natural size. 
