ROSACEA. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 119 
CRATAGUS HOLMESIANA. 
Red Haw. 
STAMENS usually 5; anthers dark reddish purple. Leaves oval or ovate, acute, 
thick and firm, pale yellow green. 
Cratzwgus Holmesiana, Ashe, Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. xvi. pt. ii. 78 (1900). — Sargent, Bot. Gazette, xxxi. 10; 
Ehodora, iii. 76. 
A tree, often thirty feet in height, with a tall straight trunk from ten to fifteen inches in diameter 
covered with pale gray-brown or nearly white bark broken into small thin closely appressed scales, and 
stout ascending branches forming an open irregular or a broad compact head. The branchlets are 
stout, nearly straight or sometimes zigzag, marked by small oblong dark lenticels, and armed with 
infrequent thick mostly straight bright chestnut-brown shining spines from an inch and a half to two 
inches in length ; when they first appear they are glabrous or rarely puberulous ' and dark green more 
or less tinged with red; and during their first season they become bright chestnut-brown or orange- 
brown and lustrous, lighter colored during their second season, and ultimately ashy gray. The leaves 
are oval or ovate, acute or acuminate at the apex, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, coarsely and, 
above the middle, doubly serrate, with spreading teeth tipped at first, with prominent dark red caducous 
glands, and usually lobed with three or four pairs of short acute or acuminate lateral lobes; generally 
dark red and glabrous or sometimes villose on the lower surface and coated with rigid pale hairs on the 
upper surface when they unfold, they are scabrous above, pale yellow-green and nearly half grown when 
the flowers open early nm May, and in the autumn they are thick and firm in texture, almost smooth, 
conspicuously yellow-green, and usually about two inches long and an inch and three quarters wide, 
with prominent midribs often bright red on the lower side toward the base of the leaf, and from four to 
six pairs of slender primary veins arching to the points of the lobes and deeply impressed on the upper 
side ; they are borne on slender nearly terete slightly grooved glandular petioles which are glabrous or 
sometimes puberulous while young, and from an inch to an inch and a half in length. The stipules 
are linear or lunate and are small, glandular-serrate, and caducous. On vigorous leading shoots the 
leaves are often broadly ovate, truncate or slightly cordate at the base, frequently four inches long and 
three inches wide, and more coarsely serrate and more deeply lobed than the leaves of lateral branchlets. 
The flowers are cup-shaped and from one half to three quarters of an inch in diameter, and are produced 
on slender elongated pedicels, in loose compound glabrous or rarely puberulous many-flowered corymbs, 
with oblanceolate or linear acute glandular caducous bracts and bractlets. The calyx-tube is narrowly 
obconic, glabrous, more or less deeply tinged with red, and the lobes are elongated, acuminate, 
glandular-serrate or often nearly entire, and generally reflexed after the flowers open. There are 
usually five but sometimes six, seven, or eight stamens with stout filaments and large dark reddish 
purple anthers, and generally three styles surrounded at the base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. 
The fruit ripens and falls early in September, and hangs gracefully on slender pedicels, in many- 
fruited drooping clusters ; it is oblong, full and rounded at the ends, crimson, very lustrous, marked 
by occasional small dark dots, and crowned with the conspicuous erect and incurved glandular-serrate 
1 Crategus Holmesiana is usually glabrous with the exception of and veins (Crategus Holmesiana villipes, Ashe, Jour. Elisha Mitchell 
the upper surface of the young leaves, but on the trees which grow Sci. Soc. xvii. pt. ii. 11 [1901]). A few hairs can occasionally be 
in meadows at Sellersville, Pennsylvania, the young branchlets, found on the corymbs of New England plants, although they are 
petioles, and corymbs are often puberulous, and the under surfaces _ generally glabrous. 
of the leaves are more or less villose, particularly along the midribs 
