ROSACEZ. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 129 
CRATAGUS PENTANDRA. 
Red Haw. 
StaMENsS usually 5; anthers dark red-purple. Leaves oval to ovate, acuminate, 
dark green and scabrous above. 
Cratzgus pentandra, Sargent, Rhodora, iii. 25 (1901). 
A tree, rarely more than fifteen feet in height, with a straight trunk five or six inches in diameter 
covered with thin bark separating into papery lustrous pale scales, and stout branches which form a broad 
rather open head irregular in outline. The branchlets are slender, often zigzag, marked by large pale 
lenticels, and armed with many thick straight or curved bright chestnut-brown or red-brown spines 
from an inch to an inch and a half in length; when they first appear they are dark yellow-green and 
glabrous, becoming in their first summer bright chestnut-brown or sometimes light orange-green when 
the shoots have grown vigorously, and ashy gray in their second year. The leaves are oval or ovate, 
acuminate, broadly cuneate or rarely rounded at the entire base, divided above the middle into numerous 
short acute or acuminate lobes, and coarsely and often doubly serrate, with straight or incurved teeth 
tipped with small dark glands; nearly fully grown and very thin when the flowers open at the end of 
May, at maturity they are membranaceous, dark green and roughened above with short rigid pale hairs, 
pale and glabrous below, from two inches to two inches and a half long and from an inch and a half 
to two inches wide, with slender yellow midribs and thin primary veins extending to the points of the 
lobes and only slightly impressed on the upper side ; they are borne on slender grooved petioles often 
winged toward the apex, glandular, with minute dark glands, and usually about an inch long. The 
stipules are linear, glandular-serrate, and caducous. On vigorous leading shoots the leaves are more 
deeply lobed than the leaves of lateral branchlets, and are often four inches long and three inches 
wide, and their stipules are foliaceous, lunate, very coarsely glandular-serrate, and often half an inch in 
length. The flowers are produced on elongated slender pedicels, in compact compound thin-branched 
few-flowered glabrous corymbs, with linear or oblong-obovate acute glandular bright red bracts and 
bractlets. The calyx-tube is narrowly obconic, glabrous, and dark red, and the lobes are lmear- 
lanceolate, entire or finely glandular-serrate, and reflexed after the flowers open. There are usually 
five but occasionally from six to ten stamens with slender filaments and large dark red-purple anthers, 
and three styles surrounded at the base by a thin ring of hoary tomentum. The fruit, which ripens 
about the middle of September and soon falls, is produced in drooping narrow clusters ; it is oblong, 
full and rounded at the ends, dark crimson, lustrous, marked by minute pale dots, and usually about 
five eighths of an inch long and half an inch thick ; the calyx is enlarged and persistent, with elongated 
strongly incurved lobes which are frequently deciduous before the fruit ripens; the flesh is yellow, 
thick, dry, and mealy. The three nutlets are thick, with broad and prominent dorsal ridges, and a 
third of an inch in length. 
Crategus pentandra is not a rare inhabitant of low hills and limestone ridges in the Champlain 
valley of Vermont, where it is distributed from Bennington and Rutland to Charlotte. 
