ROSACEZ. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 133 
CRATAiGUS COCCINEA. 
Red Haw. 
STtaMENS 10; anthers pale yellow. Leaves elliptical to obovate, coriaceous, dark 
green, and lustrous. 
Cratezgus coccinea, Linneus, Spec. i. 476 (1753). — Sargent, Bot. Gazette, xxxi. 11. 
A bushy tree, occasionally twenty feet in height, with a short trunk eight or ten inches in 
diameter covered with dark red-brown scaly bark, and stout ascending branches forming a broad 
round-topped symmetrical head ; or often a shrub with many intricately branched stems spreading into 
broad thickets. The branchlets are slender, straight or somewhat zigzag, marked by oblong pale lenti- 
cels and armed with numerous stout straight or slightly curved chestnut-brown lustrous spines from an 
inch to an inch and a half in length; when they first appear they are light green and covered with 
long matted pale hairs, and soon becoming glabrous they are bright red-brown and lustrous during 
their first year, and ultimately ashy gray. The leaves are elliptical or obovate, acute or acuminate at 
the apex, gradually narrowed from above the middle to the cuneate and entire base, finely and often 
doubly serrate above, with incurved or straight teeth tipped with minute dark glands, and divided 
above the middle into several short acute lateral lobes ; when the flowers open at the end of May 
the leaves are about half grown, and are then membranaceous, light yellow-green, covered on the 
upper surface with soft pale hairs and pubescent along the under side of the thin midribs and four 
or five pairs of arcuate primary veins extending to the points of the lobes; and in the autumn they 
are coriaceous, dark green, smooth and very lustrous on the upper surface, paler and rarely pilose 
on the veins below, from an inch and a half to two inches long and from an inch to an inch and a 
half wide; they are borne on slender glandular petioles slightly winged at the apex by the decurrent 
leaf-blades, villose at first but usually glabrous before the autumn, often dark red toward the base, and 
from three quarters of an inch to an inch long. The stipules vary from lanceolate to oblanceolate, 
and are straight or falcate, conspicuously glandular-serrate, with dark red glands, and from one half to 
three quarters of an inch in length. On vigorous leading shoots the leaves are oblong-ovate, oval or 
often nearly orbicular, more deeply lobed than the leaves of lateral branchlets, and frequently from 
two inches and a half to three inches long. The flowers vary from one half to three quarters of 
an inch in diameter, and are produced on slender pedicels, in broad loose compound thin-branched 
many-flowered villose or tomentose corymbs, with linear-lanceolate coarsely glandular-serrate caducous 
bracts and bractlets. The calyx-tube is broadly obconic and tomentose or villose, and the lobes are 
gradually narrowed from broad bases, acute, coarsely glandular-serrate, glabrous or villose, and often 
bright red toward the apex. There are ten stamens with slender filaments and small pale yellow 
anthers, and three or four styles. The fruit ripens and falls late in October, and is borne on short stout 
pedicels, in drooping many-fruited pilose clusters; it is subglobose but occasionally rather longer 
than broad, dark crimson, marked by scattered dark dots, and about half an inch in diameter; the 
calyx-cavity is broad and shallow, and the lobes, which are bright red on the upper side toward the 
base, are wide-spreading or erect; the flesh is thin, yellow, dry, and sweet. The three or four nutlets 
are prominently ridged on the back, with high grooved ridges, and about a quarter of an inch long.’ 
1 The name Crategus coccinea was first used by Linneus in the angulatis serratis glabris,” had, however, appeared in 1737 in his 
first edition of his Species Plantarum (i. 476) published in 1753. Hortus Cliffortianus. In both works a species of Plukenet (Phyt. 
His description of this species, “Crategus foliis ovatis repando- Bot. t. 46, f. 4) and a species of Miller (Cat. Pl. Hort. Angl. t. 13, 
