ROSACEA. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 139 
CRATAGUS SUCCULENTA. 
Scarlet Haw. 
STAMENS 20; anthers rose color. Leaves elliptical, gradually narrowed at the 
ends, coriaceous, dark green, and lustrous. 
Crategus succulenta, Link, Handd. ii. 78 (1831).— Cratzgus glandulosa, d succulenta, Lauche, Deutsche 
Lange, Rev. Spec. Gen. Crategi, 82, t. 8 B. Dendr. ed. 2, 573 (1883). 
? Mespilus corallina, Tausch, Flora, 1838, ii. 717 (mot Crategus coccinea, var. macracantha, Sargent, Garden 
Desfontaines). and Forest, ii. 412 (in part) (1889) ; Silva N. Am. iv. 
? Crategus macracantha, Loudon, Arb. Brit. ii. 819, f. 96 (in part) t. 131.— Watson & Coulter, Gray’s Man. 
572 (not Lindley) (1838). ed. 6, 165 (in part). 
? Phonopyrum corallinum, Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. iii. Crategus rotundifolia, b succulenta, Dippel, Handb. 
154 (1847). Laubholzk. iii. 441 (1893). 
A bushy tree, occasionally twenty feet in height, with a short stem five or six inches in diameter 
covered with dark red-brown scaly bark, and stout ascending branches forming a broad irregular head ; 
or usually shrubby and much smaller and often flowering when only a few feet in height. The 
branchlets are stout, more or less zigzag, marked by large oblong pale lenticels, and armed with 
numerous stout slightly curved bright chestnut-brown lustrous spines from an inch and a half to two 
inches and a half in length; when they appear they are glabrous, green tinged with red or orange, 
becoming dark orange-brown and very lustrous before midsummer, dull gray-brown in their second 
season, and ultimately ashy gray. The leaves are elliptical, acute or acuminate at the apex, gradually 
narrowed from near the middle and entire at the base, coarsely and usually doubly serrate, with 
spreading glandular teeth, and divided above the middle into numerous short acute lobes; nearly 
fully grown when the flowers open at the end of May or early in June, they are then membranaceous, 
covered above with soft pale hairs and puberulous or rarely nearly glabrous on the lower surface, and 
at maturity they are coriaceous, dark green, glabrous and somewhat lustrous above, pale yellow-green 
and mostly puberulous along the stout yellow midribs and four to seven pairs of slender veins 
extending obliquely to the points of the lobes and deeply impressed on the upper side, usually from 
two inches to two inches and a half long and from an inch to an inch and a half wide; or on leading 
shoots occasionally ovate and often three inches and a half long and three inches wide; they are 
borne on stout grooved petioles more or less winged above by the decurrent bases of the leaf-blades, 
generally about half an inch long and frequently bright red after midsummer. The stipules are linear, 
acuminate, finely glandular-serrate, and caducous. The flowers are about two thirds of an inch in 
diameter, and are produced on long slender pedicels, in broad lax compound many-flowered villose 
corymbs, with linear-acuminate glandular-serrate bracts and bractlets. The calyx-tube is narrowly 
obconic, villose or glabrous, and the lobes are broad, acute, laciniate, glandular, with large bright red 
glands, generally villose, and reflexed after the flowers open. There are usually twenty but sometimes 
only fifteen stamens with slender filaments and small rose-colored anthers, and two or three styles 
surrounded at the base by a ring of pale hairs. The fruit, which begins to ripen about the middle 
of September and sometimes does not fall until the end of October, is borne on slender elongated 
pedicels, in broad loose many-fruited drooping clusters; it is globose, bright scarlet marked by 
occasional large pale dots, and from one third to two thirds of an inch in diameter; the calyx is 
prominent, with a broad shallow depression and much enlarged coarsely serrate closely appressed 
persistent lobes; the flesh is thick, yellow, very juicy, sweet, and pulpy. The two or three nutlets are 
