ROSACEE. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 143 
CRATAiGUS ILLINOIENSIS. 
Scarlet Haw. 
STAMENS 10; anthers rose color. Leaves broadly obovate to oval, acute or rounded 
at the apex, subcoriaceous, dark green. 
Cratzgus Illinoiensis, Ashe, Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. xvi. pt. ii. 76 (1900). 
A tree, rarely more than seventeen or eighteen feet in height, with a stem four or five inches in 
diameter covered with thin close bark broken on the surface into pale plate-like scales, and divided into 
several virgate branches forming a wide open-topped head. The branchlets are stout, somewhat zigzag, 
marked by small dark lenticels, and armed with numerous slender straight or somewhat curved bright 
chestnut-brown shining spines from an inch and a half to nearly three inches in length; dark orange- 
green and covered with scattered pale caducous hairs when they first appear, they become bright orange- 
brown and lustrous during their first season, dark brown in their second year, and ultimately ashy gray. 
The leaves vary from broadly obovate to oval, and are rounded or rarely acute at the wide apex, broadly 
cuneate and entire at the base, coarsely and often doubly serrate above, with straight or incurved teeth 
tipped with minute deciduous glands, and sometimes slightly and irregularly divided toward the apex 
into short acute lobes; when they first unfold they are covered on the lower surface with a thick coat 
of hoary tomentum and are pilose on the upper surface, and when the flowers open about the twentieth 
of May they are membranaceous, yellow-green, and covered above with short pale hairs and pubescent 
below ; in the autumn they are thick and firm in texture, dark green and glabrous above, pale and 
pubescent below, particularly along the stout midribs and four to six pairs of primary veins deeply 
impressed on the upper side, from two inches to two inches and a half in length and from an inch and 
a half to two inches in width; they are borne on stout grooved petioles shghtly winged toward the 
apex by the decurrent bases of the leaf-blades, usually from one half to two thirds of an inch long, and 
generally bright red below the middle after midsummer. The stipules are linear, acuminate, finely 
glandular-serrate, and caducous. On vigorous leading shoots the leaves are usually elliptical, acute, or 
acuminate, more coarsely dentate and more often lobed than the leaves of lateral branchlets, sometimes 
decurrent nearly to the base of the stout petioles, from three to four mches long and from two inches 
and a half to three inches wide, with foliaceous, lunate, coarsely glandular-dentate, stipitate stipules 
often three quarters of an inch in length. The flowers are about five eighths of an inch in diameter, 
and are produced on slender pedicels, in broad compact many-flowered villose compound corymbs, with 
narrow obovate acute or acuminate glandular bracts and bractlets. The calyx-tube is narrowly 
obconic and coated with long matted pale hairs, and the lobes are broad, acuminate, very coarsely 
glandular-serrate, with large stipitate bright red glands, glabrous on the outer surface except at the base, 
villose on the inner surface, and reflexed after the flowers open. There are ten stamens with small rose- 
colored anthers, and two or usually three styles. The fruit, which ripens early in October but does not 
fall until after the beginning of winter, is borne on stout bright red pedicels, in few-fruited drooping 
villose clusters, and is globose, scarlet, lustrous, marked by occasional dark dots, more or less villose 
at the ends, and half an inch in diameter; the calyx is prominent, with a short villose tube, a deep 
narrow cavity, and spreading lobes which are lanceolate from broad bases, sparingly glandular-serrate 
or nearly entire, villose and mostly deciduous before the fruit ripens; the flesh is thin, yellow, dry, 
and mealy, and very firm and solid until after the fruit falls. The two or three nutlets are broad 
and thick, prominently ridged and grooved on the back, with broad high ridges, penetrated on each of 
the inner faces by a broad deep depression, and a quarter of an inch long. 
