ROSACEZ. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 147 
CRATAIGUS MACRACANTHA. 
Scarlet Haw. 
STAMENS 10; anthers pale yellow. Leaves broadly obovate to elliptical or oval, 
coriaceous, dark green, and lustrous. 
Crategus macracantha, Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 236 Cratzgus coccinea, var. macracantha, Dudley, Bull. 
(in part) (not Loudon) (1893). — Lange, Rev. Spec. Gen. Cornell Univ. ii. 33 (Cayuga Flora) (1886). — Sargent, 
Crategi, 67, t. 8 A. Garden and Forest, ii. 412 (in part) ; Silva N. Am. iv. 96 
Mespilus odorata, Wendland, Flora, 1823, ii. 700 (not (in part). — Watson & Coulter, Gray’s Man. ed. 6, 165 
Crategus odorata, Bosc). (in part). — Lange, Rev. Spec. Gen. Crategi, 30. 
Cratzgus glandulosa, 8 macracantha, Lindley, Bot.Reg. Cratzgus rotundifolia, a minor, Dippel, Handb. Laub- 
xxii. t. 1912 (1836). holzk, iii. 440, £. 215 (1893). 
Cratzgus macracantha, var. minor, Loudon, Arb. Brit. 
ii. 819, £. 573 (1838). 
A tree, occasionally fifteen feet in height, with a tall stem five or six inches in diameter covered 
with pale close bark, and stout wide-spreading branches forming an open rather irregular head ; or more 
often a tall broad shrub sometimes flowering when only a few feet high. The branchlets are stout, 
slightly zigzag, marked by large pale lenticels, and armed with numerous slender usually curved very 
sharp bright chestnut-brown lustrous spines from two inches and a half to four inches in length ; when 
they appear they are glabrous and dark green more or less tinged with red, and during their first 
season they become light chestnut-brown and very lustrous, and dull reddish brown the following 
season. The leaves vary from broadly obovate to elliptical or oval, and are acute or rounded and 
sometimes short-pointed at the apex, gradually or abruptly narrowed and cuneate at the entire base, 
coarsely and often doubly serrate above, with straight or incurved gland-tipped teeth, and usually 
divided above the middle into numerous short acute or acuminate lobes ; coated on the upper surface 
with soft pale hairs and often bright red when they unfold, they are more than half grown when the 
flowers open late in May, and are then dull yellow-green and nearly glabrous on the upper surface and 
pale and puberulous below, particularly along the midribs and veins, and in the autumn they are 
coriaceous, dark green, lustrous, and glabrous above, frequently puberulous below along the stout 
midribs and four to six pairs of slender primary veins extending obliquely to the points of the lobes 
and deeply impressed on the upper side, and usually from two inches to two inches and a half long 
and from an inch and a half to two inches wide; they are borne on stout grooved petioles more or 
less winged above by the decurrent bases of the leaf-blades, generally about half an inch long and 
frequently bright red after midsummer. Their stipules are linear, finely glandular-serrate, and caducous. 
On vigorous leading shoots the leaves are often full and rounded at the base, coarsely dentate, from 
three to four inches long, and from two inches and a half to three inches wide. The flowers are about 
three quarters of an inch in diameter, and are produced on long slender pedicels, in broad loose thin- 
branched more or less villose many-flowered compound corymbs, with linear acuminate finely glandular- 
serrate caducous bracts and bractlets. The calyx-tube is narrowly obconic, more or less villose or 
nearly glabrous, and the lobes are narrow, elongated, acuminate, glandular, with minute dark glands, 
glabrous on the outer surface, slightly villose on the inner surface, and reflexed after the flowers open. 
There are usually ten but occasionally from eight to twelve stamens with pale yellow anthers, and two 
or three styles surrounded at the base by a broad ring of hoary tomentum. The fruit, which ripens at 
the end of September and often does not entirely fall until a month later, is borne in broad erect 
