ROSACES. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 167 
CRATAGUS SENTA. 
Haw. 
STAMENS 20. Leaves obovate to obovate-cuneiform. 
Cratzgus senta, Beadle, Bot. Gazette, xxx. 341 (1900). Cratzgus elliptica, Beadle, Bot. Gazette, xxv. 447 (not 
Aiton) (1898). 
A tree, occasionally twenty feet in height, with a short trunk sometimes a foot in diameter covered 
with deeply furrowed bark, often nearly black near the base of old trees and dark gray above, and stout 
pendulous or recurved branches forming a broad open irregular head; or more frequently a large 
shrub with few or numerous stems. The branchlets are slender, zigzag, marked by occasional small 
pale lenticels, and armed with nearly straight thin bright chestnut-brown ultimately gray spines from 
three quarters of an inch to an inch and a half in length; when they first appear they are coated 
with long matted white hairs which gradually disappear, and before the autumn they are rather bright 
reddish brown and pubescent, growing glabrous and dull red-brown in their second season, and finally 
dark gray slightly tmged with red. The leaves are obovate or obovate-cuneiform, acute or sometimes 
rounded and frequently slightly divided into several short acute lobes at the broad apex, gradually 
narrowed from above the middle to the base, and serrate or doubly serrate, with incurved conspicuously 
glandular teeth ; when they unfold the upper surface is often dark red and is covered with long pale 
caducous hairs which also occur on the under surface of the midribs and veins, and when the flowers 
open from the first to the tenth of May they are nearly fully grown, bright yellow-green, and almost 
glabrous with the exception of the tufts of pale hairs in the axils of the veims, which are mostly 
persistent through the season; in the autumn they are thin but firm im texture, dark green and 
lustrous above and paler below, and usually about an inch and a half long and an inch wide, with 
prominent orange-colored midribs, generally three pairs of slender primary veins extending obliquely to 
the points of the lobes, and dark conspicuous reticulate veinlets; they are borne on slender deeply 
grooved glandular petioles which are more or less broadened above by the gradually narrowed bases of 
the leaf-blades, tomentose at first, ultimately pubescent or nearly glabrous, and about three quarters of 
an inch in length. The stipules are lanceolate, acuminate, glandular, about an eighth of an inch long, 
and caducous. On vigorous shoots the leaves are broadly ovate or often nearly orbicular, more deeply 
lobed than the leaves of fertile branches, with broad rounded or acute lobes, and from two to two 
and a half inches in diameter, with foliaceous lunate coarsely glandular-dentate stipules sometimes half 
an inch in length. In the autumn the leaves turn red, yellow, and brown before falling. The flowers, 
which are about three quarters of an inch in diameter, are produced on slender elongated pedicels 
coated with long matted pale hairs which cover the branches of the lax compound three to six- 
flowered corymbs, with lanceolate straight or falcate glandular bracts and bractlets. The calyx-tube 
is broadly obconic and villose, particularly toward the base, and the lobes are narrow, elongated, 
acuminate, nearly glabrous, and coarsely and irregularly glandular-serrate. The petals are longer than 
broad, and there are twenty stamens and from three to five styles surrounded at the base by a broad 
ring of hoary tomentum. The fruit ripens and falls at the end of September or early in October, 
and is produced on slender slightly hairy elongated pedicels, in few-fruited drooping clusters ; it is 
globose, bright red, and from one third to one half of an inch in diameter, with a broad deep calyx- 
cavity, closely appressed calyx-lobes, and dry mealy flesh. The nutlets vary from three to five in 
number, and are slightly grooved on the back, and about a quarter of an inch in length. 
