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soon followed by larger protuberances, which eventually rupture the 
epidermis and appear as the little cups of an JEcidinm. Scattered 
among the cups, numerous brownish or blackish points appear, which 
present the characters and fructification of the original bean-rust {Uro- 
myces). The stylospores of the JScidmmj when sown on the moist 
surface of a suitable leaf, push out the germ-tube, which seelcs its way 
into the leaf through the nearest stomate. Having obtained entrance, 
it withdraws the contents of the exposed portion, which then disap- 
pears. The mycelium spreads itself through the intercellular spaces^ and 
in time the discoloured epidermis is broken, and little brown pustules 
appear. These are the stylospores of Uredo, Their growth is speedily 
arrested, and they give place to the true germinating spores. It is diffi- 
cult to trace the progress of the original germ through spore, sporidium, 
and stylospore, these giving rise to pro-mycelium and mycelium, and 
at length developing into perfect plants that belong to the three recog- 
nized genera of Uromyces, jEcidiuMy and Uredo. 
On llie Cultivation of Quinine in Java and British India. By Dr. J. 
E. De Vrij\ Translated from the Dutch. Lo)idon : printed for her 
Majesty's Stationery Office. 1865. 8vo, pp. 27. 
Dr. De Vrij, the author of this pamphlet, AVTitten in 1864, was con- 
nected witb the Chinchona plantations in Java for several years, as In- 
spector commissioned to conduct the chemical researches. He after- 
wards visited the Neilgherry hills ; and his testimony to the superiority 
of the method of Chinchona cultivation there adopted by Mr. M'lvor, 
over that pursued by the late Dr. Junghuhn in Java, is of the highest 
importance. Dr. De Yrij has also made a satisfactory analysis of 
Chinchona bark grown on the Neilgherry hills, and strongly advocates 
the adoption of Mr. M'lvor's system in Java. The concluding re- 
marks of the great Dutch chemist will be read with interest : 
"There will be no difScultyin answering the question started some time ago, 
as to whether the cultivation of quinine trees should not be made over to pri- 
vate enterprise. As the quinine trees in Java must^ according to the present 
mode of cultivation adopted iu that island, be several (at least thirty) jears 
old before they are fully capable of jieiding a good quality of bark, I very 
much doubt whether any capitalists would be found willing to employ their 
capital in that way for so long a period, and I feel bound, therefore, to answer 
that question in the negative. The English system, on the other hand, which 
admits of good interest on capital within at the most four years, and which con- 
