124 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: ZOOLOGY. 



portion very short with short nasals, while the same part in A. pliilippii 

 is relatively greatly lengthened, with correspondingly long nasals. In 

 brief, A. aitstralis is a short-nosed species and A. philippii a long-nosed 

 species. These features also involve the whole contour of the skull, so 

 that one is markedly brachycephalic and the other strongly dolichoceph- 

 alic. The two species are so distinct that they represent two very good 

 subgenera, as recognized by Peters in 1866, A. philippii being the type of 

 his subgenus Arctophoca. 



A very distinct species of this genus, not previously known to exist 

 north of the equator, was described by Dr. Merriam, in 1897, from 

 Guadalupe Island, off the coast of Lower California, from weathered 

 skulls collected by Mr. C. H. Townsend. These skulls, kindly loaned to 

 me for comparison with skulls of Arctocephalus from the Straits of Ma- 

 gellan and the Galapagos Archipelago, prove of such interest that it has 

 been deemed desirable to give figures of them for comparison with those 

 of their southern allies, and to republish in this connection Dr. Merriam's 

 original description and historical summary of this nearly extirpated 

 animal, with additional historical matter. 



Arctocephalus australis (Zimm.). 



(Plates XV, Fig. i ; XVI, Fig. 2 ; XVII, Fig. 2, Skulls.) 



Falkland Isle Seal, VtnndiVii, Hist. Quad., II, 1781,521. Specimen in 

 Mus. Roy. Soc. London, from " Falkland lies." 



Phoca aitstralis Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch., Ill, 1782, 276, based on the 

 "Falkland Seal, Pennant, II, 521." 



Arctocephalus aitstralis AWen, Hist. N. Am. Finn., 1880, 193, 210; Fur 

 Seal Arbitr., Appen. Case U. S., I, 1892, 374. — Thomas, P. Z. S., 

 1881, 4, Straits of Magellan. — Turner, Zool. Challenger Exped., pt. 

 Ixviii, 1888, 39, 82, pi. vi, figs, i, 3, 5, pi. vii, parts of skeleton. — 

 Townsend, Rep. Fur Seal Invest, III, 1899, 274, pi. xxxv, Lobos 

 Islands. — Albert, Act. Soc. scient. du Chili, XI, Dec. 1901, 224-257. 

 General history, description, synonymy, habits, Chilian laws for its 

 protection, etc. 



Otaria australis Philippi, An. Mus. nac. Chile, I, Zool., 1892, 6, 40, pi. xi, 

 fig. 2, animal, pi. xxi, skull. Punta Arenas, Straits of Magellan. 



Phoca falklandica Shaw, Gen. Zool., I, pt. ii, 1800, 256. Based on Pen- 

 nant's " Falkland Isle Seal." — Weddell, Voy. towards the South Pole, 



