WITH THOSE OF NEW YORK. 279 



from Louisville, the same rocks are seen. The highest mass at 

 this place, contains a species of Cali/mene characteristic of the 

 Corniferous limestone of New York, as well as several shells 

 equally so, among these a peculiar variety of the so called Atrypa 

 prisca, and a species of Strophomena ; both shells are confined to 

 this mass. Below this was seen a mass with Favosites and 

 CyathophylU, which could be identified with no other rock than 

 the Onondaga limestone, possessing all the essential features of 

 that rock, both as regards lithological and palseontological char- 

 acters. Passing from this over strata resembling the lighter 

 colored portions of the water-lime series of New York, w^e came 

 upon a drab-colored mass, in thin layers, abounding in Cafeiii- 

 pora and Favosites, and below this a lighter or ash-colored lime- 

 stone, in thick courses, destitute of fossils. Such, simply, was 

 the order in which the rocks w-ere examined at this place, and 

 from which collections were made. 



From the examinations made here, at ]\Iadison and other 

 points, the unavoidable conclusion is, that in the clift' limestone 

 we have the Helderberg series of New York ; or at least the tw^o 

 persistent members, Onondaga and Corniferous, with the water 

 lime and perhaps a meagre representation of the Salt group, to- 

 gether with the Niagara limestone. And if the inference regard- 

 ing the Clinton gi'oup at Madison be correct, and which seems 

 probable from the fact that Dr. Locke has detected this group 

 embraced within the cliff" formation in Clinton and Adams 

 counties, Ohio, we then have conclusive evidence that this for- 

 mation, as defined, embraces all the rocks and groups from the 

 Helderberg division or Corniferous limestone, to the Clinton 

 group inclusive; and perhaps also, the representations of the 

 Medina and Gray sandstones, if any such exist. Nothing was 

 seen, however, to indicate these in their proper forms, and the 

 inference was that they had disappeared before reaching Cincin- 

 nati. Still, however, more minute examinations may prove the 

 existence of some diminutive representative of these masses, 

 though in other forms than they appear in New York. 



After making these investigations in the vicinity of Louisville, 

 I had the gratification of seeing, in the cabinet of Dr. Clapp, at 



