WITH ANTICLINAL AXES AND FAULTS. 337 



Section VII. Throv^h Wilsons Thcnnal and across Garden 

 Mountain. 



This section includes a partial view of the great anticlinal 

 of the Garden Mountain, exhibiting a striking example of the 

 folded form of flexure, Avith an extensive inversion on the north- 

 west side. Behind this, towards the northwest, lies the anticlinal 

 of Biggs's Mountain, separated from the former by an irregular 

 trough of folded slates (For. VIII) ; and at the western base of 

 Biggs's Mountain occurs the lesser axis, in which the thermal 

 here referred to rises to the surface. While the axis of Biggs's 

 Mountain brings up the whole thickness of For. Ill, doubled 

 upon itself, that of Biggs's Mountain exposes no strata lower 

 than For. V, (Medina sandstone and Clinton group of New 

 York,) over which the beds of VI and VII are seen bending, in a 

 rather steep normal flexure, to be again elevated in part in the 

 low ridge of VII, (Oriskany sandstone of New York,) from 

 which the thermal issues. The point of exit of the waters is in 

 nearly vertical strata, a little west of the axes-plane. Beyond 

 this, towards the northwest, is a wide expanse of For. VIII, 

 greatly folded and contorted, in which, at no great distance from 



are respectively known. Observations beyond, as well as in the State, have satisfied me, 

 that similar org-anic products are to be met with, in some one or more forms, in all the 

 sulphureous waters of the Appalachian belt, and that they &T*i peculiar to waters of this class. 

 Havinj^ read with great interest Dr. Lankester's " notice of the plants and animals found in 

 the sulphureous waters in Yorkshire." as given in the Report of the British Association 

 for 1S40, I hav^e been much gratilied at finding these opinions corroborated by the obser- 

 vations of that gentleman in regard to the sulphureous waters of Harrowgate, Askerna, 

 and the neighboring district, and I have enjoyed no little surprise in recognizing in the 

 conferva which at those places '' collects in large quantities around the sides of the wells," 

 and in the animal deposit, " varying from a light pink to a rose color," the objects which im- 

 part such beauty to some of our celebrated sulphureous springs, and which six years ago I 

 pronounced to be of •' vegeto-animal " origin. I may here add, by an experiment made at 

 that time on the water of the White Sulphur, which in its basin and outlet produces little 

 or none of the rose-colored deposit, I found that I could at will give rise to it by collecting 

 the liquid in an adjoining cavity in the dark sulphureous mud — and I remarked that 

 before the material of the rosy film collected on the surface beneath, it continued ditlused 

 in the liquid for some time like a faint pink cloud, changing its position and its density. 

 This, with other observations, suggested the idea of its being due to animalculse, which 

 under certain favorable conditions as to light, and perhaps temperature, quiescence, and 

 the contact of particular substances, would always display themselves in our sulphure- 

 ous waters. For the distinct determination of the forms arid relations of these organic 

 objects by the microscope, we owe our thanks to Dr. Lankester. 



