396 NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY 



Li a wine pint of the water I find, 



Carbonic acid, 29.-55 cub. inches. 



Sulphurcted hydrogen, .... 2.00 " 



Carbonate of hme, 2.67 grains. 



Carbonate of magnesia, . . . . 1.44 " 



Sulphate of soda, 2.24 " 



Chloride of sodium, 3.25 " 



Between Trebizond and Erzeroum, ]\Ir. Perkins met with tw^o 

 springs similar to those above described. 



" One of these springs," says he, " is situated about thirty miles 

 east of Baiboot, in ancient Armenia, on a tributary of the river 

 Joroke, about two miles above the junction of the tributary with the 

 main stream. Around the spring a conical mound of limestone rock 

 has been formed, (of which Nos. 459, 460, and 461 arc examples,) by 

 deposits from the water. I observed partially petrified matter hanging 

 upon the spires of grass in the little rill running down from the 

 spring. It was of the consistence of jelly, and seemed to be gradu- 

 ally hardening, as the water ran through it impregnated ^\dth lime- 

 stone." 



" The other spring is about twenty -five miles west of Baiboot, in 

 the eastern extremity of ancient Pontus, on the Madden road, and 

 about three miles above the pomt where this road leaves the Gum- 

 ush Klian road. It is a ravine, about forty feet below the road, on 

 the margin of a fresh- water stream. It is about tln-ee feet deep, and 

 of nearly the same width ; and its boiling and effer\^escence are so 

 strong, that it attracted my attention as I was passing in the road. 

 I had no pre\dous knowledge of its existence, nor am I aware that 

 it has been observed by any European traveller. I dismounted and 

 went down to the spring, and was surprised to find another of a 

 similar character, a few feet above, on the opposite side of the same 

 stream, whose water, instead of rising to the surface of the ground, 

 flowed through a lateral orifice into the brook. Both are so near tins 

 brook, that the water is carried away before it has opportunity to 

 leave limestone deposits. The water tasted very much hke that of 

 the spring first named." 



That the spring last mentioned above, deposits tufa to some 

 extent, although a mound of it is not formed, appears from speci- 

 men No. 434, which was obtained at that place. The limestone 

 there, also, from which the spring issues, (No. 433,) is almost ex- 



