66 Bibliographical Notices. 
observational and hypothetical bases of the science from their 
teachers and text-books. 
But really they have not even then the whole range of the science 
before them; for they have been studying the earth’s crust and 
surface, not the earth as a whole. What is known of the earth’s 
phenomena as a planet has been gathered by astronomers and geo- 
detical surveyors, but it does not the less belong to the observational 
part of geology (Geognosy). What is known of this planet’s history 
is the combined result of astronomical, physical, chemical, and minera- 
logical research, and belongs to theoretical geology ; for it illustrates 
the history of the earth in early times. Does any manual, gunide- 
book, class-book, or elementary treatise on geology supply a concise 
résumé of what is known on all the above-mentioned departments of 
geological science, so that the Student can see what he has to learn 
and how to learn it, and the Expert feel that he has a real aide- 
mémoire, complete, with additions and corrections to the latest date? 
The Rey. Dr. Haughton has added another to the many good 
geological treatises (by Naumann, Vogt, D’Halloy, Beudant, De la 
Beche, Phillips, Lyell, Jukes, Hitchcock, Dana, Ansted, Page, and 
others) already existing; but they are either too special and partial, 
too diffuse and yet too imperfect, or otherwise ill adapted for ordinary 
students, Naumann’s comprehensive and well-planned ‘ Lehrbuch’ 
is three-volumed, and much too large for general students. Dana’s 
is a model manual, but it is avowedly systematized on American 
geology. Thus the student, not training for special or professional 
geology, but working up a general knowledge of the earth and its 
history, feels the want of a concise, clear, and trustworthy guide- 
book for the many-branched science of geology, leading him away 
from the slough of popular notions and lapsing hypotheses, through 
the rocky paths of experiment and observation, to the higher ranges 
commanding a good general view of his subject, without waste of 
time by devious wanderings into the unknown, or hobby-ridings in 
the bypaths of an author’s favourite fields. 
In the book before us Dr. Haughton publishes fifteen Lectures 
delivered in 1862, and relating chiefly to Paleontology, or the history 
of the earth’s inhabitants. He first treats of the origin of the globe, 
and the physical conditions necessary to be established on the earth 
before it could have had any inhabitants at all. First he refers to 
his acceptation of Laplace’s nebular hypothesis, as a basis, in some 
former lectures on geology, and adopting Durocher’s hypothesis of 
a difference of materials in the first and second incandescent layers 
under the crust of the cooling globe(the outer, acid or granitic magma, 
and the second, basic or trappean magma), arranged by specific gra- 
vity, dependent on chemical constitutién, ehanged by oxidation in 
course of time, and forced out in succession through fissures during 
the contraction of the earth’s crust. The formation of the atmo- 
sphere, the salinity of the sea, and some other points complete the 
subjects of the first Lecture. This has two valuable Appendices. 1. 
A translation of Durocher’s Essay on Comparative Petrology ; and 
2. Notes on the Origin of Granite, by the author. 
