272 Prof. Gibelli on the Reproductive 
this swelling one or two of the hymeneal nuclei. These tubes 
are simple or branched and tortuose, segmented into three 
or four cellules at their base, though sometimes formed of a 
single cavity. Their free extremities are enlarged, rotund or 
clavate. Iodine turns them yellow; and with the addition of 
sulphuric acid they become brown, but never blue with either. 
The spermatia are cylindriform corpuscles borne on the free 
extremities of the sterigmata. In the hermaphrodite Verrucariae, 
and, with few exceptions, in those which he terms diclinous, 
they are very slender, and cylindrical, in length 0-0032 millim., 
and in diameter 0:00052 to 0:00104 millim. They possess a 
lively Brownian movement, but no spontaneous motion as in 
spermatozoa. In the hermaphrodite Verrucarie the spermatia 
cannot be seen, under the microscope, attached to the sterigmata, 
as the least touch causes them to fall and disperse in the water 
in which the section is viewed. 
But the most original part of Prof. Gibelli’s observations is 
this. He has observed that all the species furnished with dis- 
tinct paraphyses are diclinous; 2. e. they possess the spermati- 
gerous apparatus in a separate conceptacle termed a spermo- 
gonium. On the other hand, all the species destitute of distinct 
paraphyses possess the spermatigerous apparatus within the 
same apothecium, in the form of a fringe pendent from the 
upper portion of its cavity, the lower portion producing 
the asci and spores, and are therefore termed hermaphrodite. 
Such are all the species with unilocular spores. This fact he 
has verified by an examination of the following, viz.:—V. sub- 
mersa, Hepp. (Rab. 3844); V. Leightoni, Hepp. (Hepp. 95); V. 
Harrimanni, Ach. (Anzi, Lich. Ven. rar. 147); Ticothectum 
fuscellum, Flot. (Garov. hb.); V. nigrescens, Ach. (Hepp. 434) ; 
Ticothecium nigrescens, Flot. (Garov. hb.) ; Lithoicea nigrescens, 
Mass. (Lich. Ital. 172); V. nigrescens, Pers, (Anzi, Lich. Ven. 
rar. 158); V. catalepta, Ach. (Hepp. 433) ; Lathoicea maura, 
Bagl. (Critt. Ital. 892); Lithoicea macrostoma, DC. (Mass. Exs. 
194); V. macrostoma, Duf. (Anzi, Lich. Ven. rar. 159); V. dif- 
fracta (Ana, Lich. Langob. 241); V. viridula, Scher. (Hepp. 
91); Amphoridium dolomiticum, Mass. (Exs. 250) ; V. rupestris, 
Sechrad. (M. & N. 951); V. Hochstettert, Fr. (Garov. hb.) ; 
Amphoridium baldense, Mass. (lixs. 251); V. epipolea, Gar. 
(Garov. hb.) ; V. neglecta, Gar. (Garov. hb.); V. platyspora, Gar. 
(Garov. hb.); V. maculiformis, Hepp. (Garov. hb.); V. aberrans, 
Gar. (Garov. hb.); V. mauroides, Scher. (Garov. hb.); V. murals, 
Scheer. (Garov. hb.); V. orbicularis, Gar. (Garovy. hb.) ; V. eleo- 
melena, Mass. (Rab. 883) ; V. fusco-atra, Wallr. (Rab. 700) ; V. 
Hoffmanni, Hepp. (Eixs. 431); V. Dufourei, DC. (Hepp. 436), 
&c., together with all these in the herbarium of Prof, Garovaglio 
