436 On the Identity of certain Species of Diurnal Lepidoptera. 
abdomen is rather narrower than in our specimens of that insect, 
but, I think, too stout for a male insect ; however, it is impos- 
sible to be sure of the sex of an insect merely by an examination 
of a figure. 
Mr. H. W. Bates, in two papers on the Lepidopterous Fauna 
of the Amazons Valley, gives P. Caudius, Hiibner, as the female 
of P. torquatus; but I think it possible that P. Caudius may be 
an Amazonian form of P. Argentus, as the two insects are very 
similar in pattern and coloration. 
The following notes on the species | take from Mr. Bates’s 
papers :— 
Trans. Ent. Soe. vol. v. n. s. pt. 8. Nov. 1860. “Group 6. 
“ P, torquatus, S , Cramer, pl. 177. f. A. B. 
?, Hiibner, Samml. (as Caudius). 
Local var. Patros, ? , Gray, Cat. B. M. p.43, pl. 7. £.5,7,8. 
“The female varies very much between the Upper and the 
Lower Amazons. The difference’ is so great between the sexes 
that it is only the evidence afforded by having captured P. tor- 
quatus and P. Caudius in copula that induces me to place them 
together. Every example examined shows all the individuals of 
P. torquatus to be g, and all those of P. Caudius and P. Patros 
to be ?. 
“The female frequents, like the species of the neas group, 
the shades of the forest, coming out only on dull days to the 
borders. The male, although choosing the open sunlight, de- 
scends also into the sunny breaks and open glades of the forest. 
I have often seen the male in pursuit of the female, although I 
have only once detected it in copuld.” 
Journal of Entomology, December 1861, p. 228. no. 30. 
“The ¢ inhabits open places in company with P. Thoas and 
allies, but sometimes descends into sunny breaks in the forest ; 
the ? almost exclusively inhabits the forest, being found at 
flowers on its borders only in cloudy weather.” 
We have an analogous instance of difference in the sexes in 
the Pammon group, where almost precisely the same changes in 
pattern and coloration take place. 
The two following are also said to be sexes :— 
3. Euterpe Swainson, G. R. Gray, in Griffith’s ‘ Animal 
Kingdom,’ t. 38. f. 2, 3 (1832). 
9. Huterpe Leucodrosyme, Kollar, Wien. taf. 44. f. 8, 4. 
Reared from pupe. 
Besides these species, there were many others which M. Victor 
von Bénninghausen pointed out, the sexes of all which had, how- 
ever, been previously known to science. 
