STATES OF INSECTS. (Larva.) 119 
informs us, that the caterpillar of the great goat-moth 
(Cossus ligniperda) can draw the joints of its antennze one 
within the other, so as nearly to conceal the whole*. 
The larva of the common gnat has two long incurved se- 
taceous antennee, fringed with hairs at some distance from 
their apex, which consist only of a single joint». The 
greater number of Dipterous larvse, however,—all in- 
deed except the Zipularie Latr., and many belonging to 
the Coleoptera and Hymenoptera orders (as those of the 
weevils and capricorn beetles; the bees, wasps, &c.),— 
are wholly supposed to be deprived of antennz:. Itisa 
general rule, that the antennze of larvee are shorter than 
the same organs in the perfect insect, the tribe Epheme- 
rina perhaps affording the only example in which the 
reverse of this takes place ‘. 
Mouth. Alllarvee have a mouth situated in the head, 
by which they receive their food, and furnished with one 
or more instruments for the purpose of mastication and 
deglutition. These instruments, in all the orders except 
Lepidoptera, some Neuroptera and Diptera, bear a ge- 
neral resemblance to the same parts in the perfect insect. 
In larvee of the Coleopterous, Lepidopterous, and Hy- 
menopterous orders, we can distinguish for the most part 
an upper and under lip; two pairs of jaws answering 
to the mandibulee and maxille; and two, four, or six 
palpi‘: and some of these instruments may be found 
@ Lyonnet 41. 4. 11. f. 1. c. >’ De Geer vi. 307. 
© Mr. W.S. Mac Leay (Philos. Mag. N. Ser. N. 9. 178) has dis- 
covered that the larve of all Diptera as well as the Tipularie, are 
furnished with triarticulate antennz, and probably they exist in the 
other larve that have been supposed to want them. 
4 Tbid. ii. 4. xvi. Comp. f. 2. aa with f. 14. aa. 
© In the larva of Cicindela there are six palpi as in the perfect insect. 
