226 STATES OF INSECTS. (Larva.) 
coons, never in ordinary circumstances become pupz 
without having thus inclosed themselves. An exception, 
however, is met with in the larva of a species of ant no- 
ticed by De Geer (Formica fusca), some of the indivi- 
duals of which inclose themselves in cocoons; while 
others neglect this precaution, and undergo their meta- 
morphosis uncovered*. Rosel also made nearly the 
same observation on the larva of the flea °. 
I must say something with regard to the sitwation, often 
very remote from their place of feeding, in which larvee 
fabricate their cocoons. A very considerable number, 
probably the majority, form them either partially (Spz- 
losoma lubricipeda) or wholly under ground; others be- 
neath dead leaves, moss, or in the chinks of the trees ; 
others within the wood in substances on which they have 
fed ; the larva of Cossus leaves in these a communication 
with the open air by which the imago emerges; and a 
large number attach them to the leaves and branches of 
trees and plants; the cocoon of Donacia fasciata (?) is 
fastened by one side to the roots or surculi of Typha la- 
tifolia. ‘There is usually nothing very remarkable in 
the mode of fixing them, the exterior threads being 
merely gummed irregularly to different portions of the 
objects which support them, But some effect this with 
greater art. I have one from New Holland, very long, 
which is suspended from a twig by a long riband, as it 
were, which entirely girths the twig. The larva of the 
* De Geer ii. 1084. Comp. Ray Hist. Ins. Preef. xi. It is the opi- 
nion of M. P. Huber, that in this case the naked pupz are deprived 
of their cocoons by the neuters: he states, indeed, that he has often 
seen them pulled of by them, and also by those of F. cunicularia ; 
and he seems to think that these larvee are never developed. Meurs 
des Fourmis, 84, note 1. Dea: vii. LG, 
