LETTER XXXI. 
STATES OF INSECTS. 
PUPA STATE. 
WE have now traced our little animals through their 
egg and larva states, and have arrived at the third stage 
of their existence, the Pupa State. 'This, to include all, 
can only be defined,—that state intervening between the 
larva and imago, in which the parts and organs of the 
perfect insect, particularly those of sex, though in few 
cases fully developed, are prepared and fitted for their 
final and complete development in the last-mentioned 
state; and in which the majority of these animals are 
incapable of locomotion, or of taking food. 
Pupz, like larvae, may be separated into two great di- 
visions :— 
I. Those which, in general form, more or less resem- 
ble the larvee from which they have proceeded. 
II. Those which are wholly unlike the larve from 
which they have proceeded. 
I. To the first division belong, with some exceptions*, 
* In the Hemiptera the male Cocci (Reaum. iv. 32.) and Aleyrodes 
(Ibid. ii. 311.) belong to the second division. 
