246 STATES OF INSECTS. (Pupa.) 
antennee pass above the thighs of the two anterior pair 
of legs, and then turning down over the breast between 
them and the posterior legs, repose upon the base of the 
wings; which also are turned down between the inter- 
mediate and posterior pair of legs, and rest upon the lat- 
ter; the tibise are bent in and folded upon the thigh, 
and the tarsi turn outwards?. In another coleopterous 
species, the wings and elytra are placed under the hind- 
legs. In Hymenopterous pups the antennz appear usu- 
ally to lie between the legs. In many Tipule the long 
legs are bent into three folds in the pupze; but the tarsi 
are extended, and lie close to each other, the anterior 
pair being the shortest*. Ina specimen belonging to 
this tribe in my cabinet, which I think contained Cteno- 
phora pectinicornis, the six leg-cases are of the same 
length, exactly parallel and adjacent, and being annu- 
lated wear the appearance of trachee*. These parts 
have each their separate case, so that a pin may be intro- 
duced between them and the body: which cases, as well 
as the general envelope, are usually formed of a fine soft 
transparent membrane; but sometimes, as in the lady- 
bird (Coccinella), the tortoise-beetle (Casszda), the crane- 
fly (Tipula), &c. it is harder and more opaque, so that, 
though it is usually easy for a practised Entomologist 
from an examination of the pupa, particularly in the Hy- 
menoptera, to predict to what genus the insect to be dis- 
* In the pupa of Hydrophilus piceus (Lesser, L.t. ii. f. 13, 14), the 
arrangement of the parts is nearly the same, but the tarsi are not re- 
flexed. 
> Ibid. f. 9, 10. De Geer ii. ¢. xxxii. f£. 5. Reaum. v. ¢. xxxvi. f. 14, 
© Reaum. Ibid. t. ii. f. 9. 
4 The legs of Limnobia replicata ave placed ina similar way. De 
Geer vi. t. xx. f, 12.2. 
