STATES OF INSECTS. (Pupa.) 249 
i. The Head-case covers and protects the head of the 
inclosed imago. From its sides behind proceed the an- 
tennae-cases (Cera-theca); and before from the middle, 
the tongue-case (Glosso-theca). Just below the base 
of the antennze-case you may discern the eye-cases 
(Ophthalmo-theca), surrounded on their inner side by a 
crescent-shaped lzvigated piece, which may perhaps 
transmit some light to the inclosed prisoner. 
2. The Trunk-case, divided into the thorax, or upper 
surface, extending from the head to the dorsal segments 
of the abdomen, and consisting of three pieces, answer- 
iug to the prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax of the 
perfect insect: the first answering to the prothorax small, 
the second covering the mesothorax very large, and the 
two next representing the metathorax, at first appear- 
ing to belong to the abdomen, but having no spiracle; 
and the breast (pectus) or under-surface reaching from 
the head to the ventral abdominal segments, from 
which proceed the wing-cases (Ptero-theca) and leg-cases 
(Podo-theca), which organs, with the antenna-cases and 
tongue-case, entirely cover, or rather form, the breast. 
The arrangement of the whole is as follows :—The 
wing-cases, which are more or less triangular, and ex- 
hibit the larger nervures of the wings, are a lateral con- 
tinuation of the mesothorax, which turn downwards from 
the sides of the breast, and cover, or replace, the three 
first ventral segments of the abdomen. The antenna- 
cases, united to the anterior portion of the head just be- 
hind the eye-cases, repose immediately next to those of 
the wings running parallel with their inner margin. 
Then follow the legs, the tibize forming an angle with 
the thigh, and the case of the anterior pair being inner- 
