STATES OF INSECTS. (Pupa.) 253 
phia, F.), and others of the same genus, exhibit beneath 
this nasiform: prominence a very deep depression, itself 
beset with one or more series of smaller angular eleva- 
tions. The back of the abdomen is often furnished with 
two rows of protuberances, in some species larger, in 
others smaller?; sometimes sharp and conical, and 
sometimes flat, and in some instances resembling the 
fins of fishes®. These bosses usually decrease in size 
towards the tail. 
2. ‘The second kind of chrysalises are denominated 
conical’. ‘These, which include the crepuscular and noc- 
turnal Lepidoptera, and the butterflies with onisci orm 
larvee, have no protuberances, and are less variable in 
their form—their anterior extremity being almost con- 
stantly oval and rounded, and their posterior conical 
and acute. An exception to this form is met with in the 
pupa of a moth long celebrated (Laszocampa Pityo- 
campa)*, which has the head acute and the tail obtuse, 
and armed with two points®. Another occurs in that 
of the Cossus, which has two points on the head, by 
which it makes an opening in its cocoon: when it as- 
sumes the imago, one of these is placed below the other. 
And some few have the anterior end nearly flat instead 
of rounded. The pupa of the orange-tip butterfly (Pon- 
tia Cardamines) seems intermediate between the angular 
and conical kinds: it is somewhat boat-shaped, and dis- 
tinguished by a fusiform process from the head and 
tails. Other modifications of the usual figure are met 
* Sepp. it. ii f.6. > N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. vii. 60. © Ibid. 57. 
“ See above, Vor. I. p. 131. ¢ Reaum. ii. 158. ¢. vill. f. 4, 5. 
f Lesser, L. i. 160. note. ¢. ii. f. 19. 
& N. Dict, d’ Hist. Nat. xxvi. 165. Reaum, i. 347. Rosel says this 
is present only in some individuals. I. ii. 47. 
