254 STATES OF INSECTS. (Pupa.) 
with, but are for the most part so slight as not to re- 
quire notice. One or two, however, should not be passed 
over. The pupe of many hawk-moths have the ante- 
rior piece of the head-case elongated into a sort of cylin- 
drical proboscis, which is incurved beneath the breast: 
you will find this formation in Sphinx Convolvuli and 
Ligustri#. In some, as in a species figured by Madame 
Merian, that feeds upon the Annona squamosa, it is rolled 
up like a serpent in many folds>. In Xylina Linarie 
the tongue-case turns upwards, and is prominent late- 
rally beyond the body*. This singular appendage is 
one of those beautiful instances of compensating con- 
trivances, as Dr. Paley calls them, which perpetually 
occur in the insect tribes. The tongue of these hawk- 
moths is of very great length, often three inches, while 
the pupa itself is scarcely two; it could not possibly, 
therefore, have been extended at length, as it is in com- 
mon cases, but is coiled up within the above protube- 
rance, When the tongue is but a little longer than the 
breast, the ordinary plan is adhered to, but the apex of 
the breast projects a little over the abdomen into a sort 
of nose, in which the end of the tongue is contained. 
This conformation may be seen in the pupa of Plusia 
Gamma, Cucullia Verbasci, and many other species. 
Sometimes, as in X. Linaria, this projection is recurved 
into a short horn. 
I have before adverted to the adminicula or short 
spines looking towards the anus, with which the dorsal 
segments of the abdomen of some pupe are armed; and 
by which, when the time for their exclusion is arrived, 
2 Prate XVI. Fic. 13. a. > Ins, Surinam. t, ii. 
* De Geer ii. 433, ¢. vill. fi 4. ¢. 
