STATES OF INSECTS. (Pupa.) 269 
pup. The male is probably to be distinguished from 
the female by being smaller; but in the first great divi- 
sion of pups, those which resemble the larvae, and are 
locomotive, the female in numerous cases may be known 
by the Ovipositor, or instrument for depositing her eggs 
in their proper station: and the male also has his anal 
instruments. Sometimes in this state the animal is so 
matured, as to be capable of continuing its kind. I have 
found the pupz both of a Locusta and of a Reduvius, in 
coitu. 
vi. Though the pupez of the second great division are 
usually not locomotive, yet I must not omit some notice 
of their motions. As the legs of insects in this state are 
folded within a common or partial integument, of course 
none of the pupz now under consideration, with the ex- 
ception of those of the Trichoptera order, can walk: co- 
arctate ones are even incapable of the slightest motion, 
and exhibit no symptom whatever of animation. Some 
of those that are termed zmcomplete, however, and most 
chrysalises, have the power of communicating to their 
bodies a slight movement, greater or less in different 
species, which is effected by the abdominal segments 
solely. ‘The latter, during the first twelve hours of 
being pupz, when their skin is soft, frequently turn 
themselves, that the side on which they lie may not be 
flattened ; afterwards by far the majority merely wriggle 
or twist their abdomen when touched, or in any way in- 
commoded or disturbed. We learn from De Geer, that 
the pupa of the ghost-moth (Hepiolus Humuli), the co- 
coon of which is more than twice the length of the chry- 
salis, moves in it from one end to the other?. Bonnet 
* De Geer i. 490. ¢. vii. f. 3, 4. 
