270 STATES OF INSECTS. (Pupa.) 
observed one of 2 moth (perhaps Laszocampa Quercus), 
which alternately fixed itself at the top and bottom of its 
spacious and obliquely-fixed cocoon ; descending slowly, 
but ascending as quickly, and almost in the same man- 
ner, as a chimney-sweeper in a chimmey*. The pupa 
of the weevil of the water-hemlock (Lixus paraplecticus) 
will move from one end of the interior of a branch to 
another by means of its adminicula, aided by the motion 
of its abdominal segments>. But the most locomotive 
of pupe of the second division are those of gnats, and 
many Tipularians, which pass this state in the water. 
These will move from the bottom to the surface, and back 
again, with great facility and velocity. I have before 
mentioned several other motions of pupze*, which I shall 
not repeat here, by which they extricate themselves from 
their several places of intermediate repose, before they 
leave the puparium : if the imago were to be disclosed in 
the interior of a tree, or in the earth, its wings would be 
materially injured in forcing its way out. The object of 
several of the above motions may be to alarm insects that 
might attack these defenceless beings. ‘The twirling mo- 
tion in particular, formerly noticed*, in some species, by 
causing a rustling against the sides of the cocoon, makes 
a considerable noise—so singular in that of a red under- 
wing-moth (Catocala pacta), that Rosel tells us, (who by 
the by was more timid than becomes a philosopher, ) that 
the first time he heard it, he had nearly thrown away. 
the box that contained it, in his fright °. 
vil. Weare next to consider The extrication of the per- 
fect insect from the puparium, or pupa-case, and from the 
2 uv. ii. 1. > De Geer v. 229. "Voz. If. 297—. 
* Vor. II. 298—. eT MivelOre 
