276 STATES OF INSECTS. (Pupa.) 
during its long sleep, it artfully closes it with fibres of 
the teazel, closely but not strongly glued together *. 
Another small caterpillar described by the same author, 
resides in the leaf ofan ash curiously rolled up into a cone, 
and then assumes the pupa, which is inclosed in a silken 
cocoon, ingeniously suspended by two threads like a 
hammock in the middle of its habitation, and of so slight 
a texture that it presents no obstacle to the extrication of 
the moth. It is the closely-joined sides of its leafy 
dwelling that form a barrier, which, were it not for the 
precaution of the larva, would be impenetrable to so 
small and weak an animal. The little provident creature, 
before its change to a pupa, gnaws in the leaf a round 
opening, taking care not to cut through the exterior 
epidermis. ‘This door is to serve the moth for its exit, 
like that formed by the wheat-caterpillar. But in pro- 
portion to its bulk its verdant apartment is of consider- 
able size. How then shall the moth know the exact 
place where its outlet has been traced? How, without 
a clue, shall it discover in its dark abode the precise 
circle which requires only a push to throw it down? 
Even this is foreseen and provided against. Out of twenty 
positions in which its hammock might have been slung, 
the caterpillar has been directed so to place it, that the 
silken cord that suspends the head is fastened close to 
the side of the door which it has previously constructed ; 
and the moth, guided by this flum ariadneum, at once 
makes its way out of an apartment which, but for this 
contrivance, might have been to it a labyrinth as inex- 
tricable as that of Minos”. 
The mode in which other caterpillars provide for their 
® Bonnet, Guor. ii. 169. » Tbid. 207. 
