STATES OF INSECTS. (Jmago.) 309 
as in Onthophagus spinifer*. With respect to its direc- 
tion in Elephastomus proboscideus, it is horizontal” and 
straight ; in Phaleria cornuta horizontal and broken, or 
the apex turning outwards and forming an angle with the 
base*; in Dynastes Hercules horizontal, and recurved 
at the apex"; in Megasoma Acteon, Elephas, and Ty- 
phon, recurving from the base. In Geotrupes dispar it 
is recurved, so that its point exactly coincides with that 
of the porrected thoracic horn, with which it forms a 
kind of forceps*. In Copris lunaris and Diaperis horrida, 
the horn is nearly upright’. In Onthophagus Xiphias it 
is dilated at the base, and reclining upon the thorax; 
and at the apex attenuated, and bending forwards, or 
nodding. In Passalus cornutus it rises a little, and then 
bends wholly forwards. In Dynastes Milon, a most re- 
markable beetle, it slopes backwards in a waving line§ ; 
and in Onthophagus spinifer it is recurved and reclining. 
—TIn speaking of the direction of the horn, you must re- 
collect that it will vary in proportion as the head varies 
from a horizontal position: so that an upright horn will 
become inclined or reclined, as the head bends forwards 
or backwards; but I speak of it as it appears when the 
head is horizontal. Again, it varies in its teeth or 
branches. In Dynastes Hercules it is armed with several 
teeth. In Megasoma Elephas and Acton it has only one 
large one at its upper base. In D. Milon it is serrated 
above. In D. Alcides, Tityus, igeon, Copris lunaris, &c. 
* Oliv. Scarabeus, t.xii. f. 112. 
» Tann. Trans. Vi. t. xix. f- 12. t. xx. fo.2. 
© Oliv. no. 57. Tenebrio, t. 1. f. 2. 
* Oliv. ubi supr. No. 3. 4.1. f. 1. 
© Oliv. no. 3. #. iii. f. 20. a. 
* Ibid. no. 55. Diaperis, t. i. f. 3. 
® Oliv. Scarabeus, t. xx. f. 185. 
