312 STATES OF INSECTS. (Imago.) 
these extraordinary appendages, as well as those on the 
thorax, and in some cases on the abdomen, (which I shall 
mention afterwards), to the males, has not yet been as- 
certained. Whether the individuals of this sex are more 
exposed to the attack of birds and other enemies, in con- 
sequence of being more on the wing than the females, 
and are therefore thus provided with numerous project- 
ing points for defence, is a question worth considering*. 
It is the only probable conjecture on the cui bono of these 
arms that I can at present make. Under this head I 
ought to notice the remarkable membranous process of 
an obovate shape, which like an umbrella covers the 
head of Gryllus umbraculatus®. Whether the sharp 
curved horns which arm this part in another Cricket 
figured by Stoll‘, in an incumbent posture, with their 
point towards the mouth, are a sexual distinction, we are 
not informed,—probably they are. 
The organs of the head also present many sexual di- 
stinctions. The upper lip (labrum) in Halzctus, a tribe 
of wild bees, in the female is furnished with an inflexed 
appendage, which is not discoverable in that of the 
male‘; and the shape of this lip in Sphecodes differs in 
the sexes®. Perhaps the horn or tubercle observable 
on this part of some female Nomad@‘ may be wanting 
in the male, 
@ See above, Vor. II. 221—. 
» Coquebert Ilustr. Icon. iii. t. xxi. f. 2. 
© Stoll Cigales, t. xviii. f. a Bc. Grillons t.iv. f. 16—18. This sin- 
cular animal, which was found by Mr. Patterson at the Cape of 
Good Hope, is stated to be an aquatic ; and affords the only known 
instance of an Orthopterous insect inhabiting the waters. The Gry/- 
/otalpa loves the vicinity of water. 
‘ Mon. Ap. Angl.i. Melitta **. b. 139. t. ii. f. 4A—6. 
°) bid. **. a. Fave f Ibid. Apis * b, 190—. t. v. f. 18. 6. 
