322 STATES OF INSECTS. (mago.) 
being generally comparatively naked. If you take the 
common gnat, you will find that the antennz of one in- 
dividual are thickly fringed on each side, and tufted at 
the end with fine long hairs, while in the other only four 
or five placed at intervals in a whorl are to be perceived?. 
In Chironomus the male antennz are beset on all sides 
with the finest hairs, and resemble a beautiful plume®, 
while the females to the unarmed eye appear naked. 
Even in some Hymenoptera, the antenne of the males 
are thus feathered, in a less degree: for instance, in Hy- 
lotoma*. Whether the tufts and fringes which orna- 
ment, in a remarkable manner, the antennze of many 
capricorn beetles‘, are sexual characters, is not certainly 
known. 
We are now to consider other sexual differences in 
these organs, resulting from the size or configuration of 
one or more individual joints. 'To begin with the first 
joint, or scapus. In many of the Hymenoptera, particu- 
larly the Anthophila, this is elongated, and the remain- 
ing joints form an angle with it in the females: while in 
the other sex it is much shorter, and in the same line 
with the rest of the antennz ; and in Hyleus dilatatus 
the first joint in the male is dilated and shaped something 
like a patella®. In Malachius bipustulatus, &c. the sex 
just mentioned is peculiarly distinguished by a white ex-~ 
crescence on the first four joints of the organs in question, 
most conspicuous in the second and fourth. The antennz 
2 Reaum. iv. ¢. xl. f.2.aa. g.t. xxxix. f. 3. 2. Inthe last the 
hairs are too conspicuous. 
> Pirate XII. Fic. 24. © Jurine Hymenopt. t. vi f. 3. 
4 Prate XII. Fic. 25, 26. XXV. Fic. 17, 32. 
e Ibid. Fie. 12. Mon. Ap. Angl. Melitia *. b. 
