326 STATES OF INSECTS. (Jmago.) 
head; but in the female it is convex, with an anterior 
abbreviated transverse ridge*. 
In a large proportion terrific horns, often hollow, like 
those of the head lately noticed, arm the thorax of the 
male, of which you will usually only discover the rudi- 
ments in the other sex. In the first place, some are unz- 
corns, or armed only with a single thoracic horn, which 
frequently, in conjunction with the thorax itself, not a 
little resembles a tunnel reversed: of this description are 
Dynastes Hercules, Tityus, Gedeon, Enema, &c. In 
the three first this horn is porrected, or nearly in the 
same line with the body; but in the last, and D. Pan, it 
forms an angle with it; and in D. Ageon it is nearly 
vertical®. In D. Hercules it is very long; in D. Alcides* 
and Tityus very short; in the two last, and in Bledzus 
armatus and Stephensii*, which is similarly armed, it is 
undivided at the apex; but in D. Gedeon, Pan, bilobus, 
&c.f it is bifid or bilobed. It is usually rather slender, 
but in D. Chorineus® and bilobus, it is very stout and 
wide. In D. claviger it is hastate at the apex®. In 
D. hastatus it is short and truncated'. Others, again, 
have two thoracic horns. In Copris nemestrinus these 
are discoidal, diverging, and inclining forwards*. In 
Phaneus floriger' they are lateral, triangular, and in- 
cline towards each other, with, as it were, a deep basin 
* Oliv. no. 3. t, vi. fi 46. a. g.6. 9. : 
P ibid. ¢.1.f. 1. iv. x, f. 31. xi. f, 102 xnaf 114: 
“ Ibid. é. xxvi. f. 219. w ARIAS 8.) fs > 
¢ Westwood in Zool. Journ. ix. 61. t- il. f. 4. 
f Ibid. ¢. xxiii. f. 35. 8 Ibid. 4. 1. f. 7. 
» Ibid. ¢. v. f. 40. i Ibid. xix. f. 175. 
* Ibid. ¢. xii. f. 115. 
' Copris floriger Kirby in Linn, Trans. xii. 396. 
