STATES OF INSECTS. (Jmago.) 327 
between them. In P. splendidulus they sink into two 
longitudinal ridges, most elevated posteriorly, with an 
intervening valley*. In P. bellicosus they are posterior, 
compressed, truncated and emarginate at the apex, and 
include a basin. In Copris Sabeus they are merely 
two acute prominences ‘.— Three horns distinguish the 
thorax of many. In Strategus Aloeus4 and its affinities, 
they are arranged in a triangle, whose vertex is towards 
the head. In St. Anteuse these horns are nearly equal 
in length, and undivided at the apex. In St. Titanusf 
the anterior horn is longer than the rest, and bifid at 
the apex; in S¢.? Atlas and Endymion ®, both of which 
have a horn on the head, it is much shorter. In others, 
as in Megasoma, the vertex of the triangle is towards the 
anus. In M. Typhon" it is longer than the anterior 
ones, and bifid at the apex; in M. lanigerum they are 
equal in length'. In M. Elephas and Acteon* it is 
merely an elevation of the thorax; in the last almost 
obsolete. In Geotrupes Typheus, common on our heaths, 
the anterior of this part is armed by three horizontal 
horns, the intermediate one being the shortest!. Copris 
lunaris also, another of our own beetles, has three short 
posterior thoracic horns, two lateral and triangular ones, 
and a transverse intermediate elevation, with a notch in 
the middle™. In Dynastes Neptunus the horns are por- 
rected, the middle one being very long, and the lateral 
® Oliv. no. 3. . ii. f. 18. » Ibid. 4, xxii. f. 32. 
© Ibid. ¢. ix. f. 85. @ Ybid.¢,iii. f. 22. 
© Ibid. ¢. xiii. f, 124. a. Ibid. z. v.f. 38. 
® Ibid. 4. xxviii. f, 242. t. xviii. fr 169. 
h Ibid £. xvi. f, 152, i Ibid, ¢. xxviii. f. 247. 
k 
Ibid. £. xv. f. 138. a. t. v. f. 33. 
' Samouelle’s Compend. t. i.f. 1. 
™ Oliy. no. 3. t. v. f. 36. a. 
