STATES OF INSECTS. (Jmago.) 329 
toral horns are very long, curving upwards at the apex, 
and nearly in a horizontal position; while in the three 
others they are much shorter, and inclined towards the 
horizon. ‘The males of some species of Rynchites, as 
R. Bacchus and Populi*, are also armed with a pair of 
lateral horns or spines, which may be termed pectoral 
rather than dorsal. 
T shall now advert to the sexual characters that are to 
be found in the instruments of motion attached to the 
trunk—beginning with those for flight. In the female 
of the common glow-worm (Lampyris noctiluca) not the 
slightest vestige of elytra or wings is visible, and it re- 
_-sembles a larva rather than a perfect insect; yet its mate 
is a true beetle furnished with both. The same circum- 
stance distinguishes the female cockroach (Blatta), andis 
more universally prevalent in that genus than in Lam- 
pyris, in which a large number of females have both ely- 
tra and wings. The males of Orgyia antiqua and Go- 
nostigma, and of many other moths, have wings of the 
usual ample dimensions, while those of their females are 
merely rudiments. ‘This is the case, also, with some of 
the Ichneumonide». In the tribes of Ants, Termites, &c. 
the neuters or workers are without wings. Amongst 
the plant-lice (4phides) there are individuals of both 
sexes, some of which have wings, and others not‘. 
Amongst the Coleoptera, the female of Tenebrio Molitor, 
the common meal-worm, has elytra and no wings; while 
the male has both «.—Sometimes these organs vary in 
size in the sexes: thus in dradus Betula, a kind of bug, 
* Oliy. no. 81. Attelabus t. ii. f. 27. b. 28. 
> De Geer ii. #, xxxi. f. 18—22. 
© Ibid. iii, 21, 4 Lesser L, i. 185, 
