358 EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 
Hymenoptera it emerges from the Labium, and is 
fitted to collect liquids and pass them downwards *. 
In Formica it appears to be retractile®. In a con- 
siderable proportion of insects it seems connate 
with the Labium, and forming its inner surface ? 
According to circumstances it might perhaps be 
denominated Lingua or Ligula. It includes the 
Paraglosse. 
a. Paracitoss® (the Paraglosse). Lateral and’ often 
membranous processes observable on each side of 
the tongue in some Hymenoptera, &c.° 
PF. Puarynx (the Pharynz). The opening into the gul- 
let’. It includes the Epzpharynx and Hypopha- 
TYNL. 
a. EpipHarynx (the Epipharynx). A small valve under 
the Zabrum, that in many Hymenoptera closes the 
Pharynx, and is an appendage of its upper mar- 
gin. 
b. Hypornarynx (the Hypopharyne). An appendage 
* Prare VIL. Fic. 2, 3. e'—What is here called the Lingua in 
Hymenoptera has been usually regarded as the Labium ; but surely 
that organ which collects, and as it were /aps the honey, and passes 
it down to the Pharynz, is properly to be considered as the tongue. 
The Labium itself appears to be represented by what has been 
called the Mentum, and the true Mentum, as was lately observed, 
is at the base of the part last mentioned, in the usual situation 
of that piece. This, though long since noticed (Kirby Mon. Ap. 
Angi. i. 103—), has not been much attended to by modern entomo- 
logists. 
»’ Huber Fourmis, 4—. 
¢ Prats VII. Fic. 2, 3. and XXVI. Fie. 28. i!’. 
4 Pirate VII. Fic. 14. f!. 
* Ibid. Fic, 2. k". This is M. Savigny’s name for this part. It 
has also been called Epiglossa. Latreille Organisation Extéricure des 
Insectes, 135, 
