386 EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 
inflated, or very soft; or concave plates, which cover 
the underside, or their apex, of the four first joints 
of the Manus or Tarsus, and sometimes even of the 
ends of the Calcaria, as in Cimbex ; which act so as 
to produce a vacuum, and enable the animal to sus- 
pend itself, or walk against gravity ».—Ex. Timar- 
cha, Buprestis, Priocera, many Orthoptera, Mus- 
cida, &c. . 
III. ABDOMEN (The Aspomen). 
The Abdomen is the third or posterior section of the 
body which follows the Zruncus>. It includes the Ter- 
gum, Venter, Petiolus, Cauda, and Anus. 
i. TERGuM (the Tergum). The upper or supine surface 
of the abdomen *. It includes the Segmenta Dorsa- 
lia, and Pulmonaria. 
1. Segmenta Dorsatta (the Dorsal Segments). 'Trans- 
verse segments of the back, the sides of which often 
lap over and cover those of the ventral segments 4. 
iS) 
. Putmonaria (the Pulmonary Space). Two longitu- 
dinal soft spaces, capable of tension and relaxation, 
one on each side of the back of the abdomen, in 
which, where they exist, the dorsal spiracles are 
planted *. They include the Spzracula Dorsalia. 
SprracuLta Dorsatia (the Dorsal Spiracles). Late- 
ral breathing-pores observable in the dorsal seg- 
ments, often covered by the preceding segment ¢. 
2 
@ Pirate XV. Fic. 9. and X XVII. Fic. 35, 59—61. ¢-. 
> Pirate VIII. Fre. 5, 6,9, 15, 18, 19. 
© Ibid. Fie. 5, 15. 4. 4 Ibid. A’. 
e Ibid. Fre. 5, 9. B’. f Ibid. Fie. 5, 9, 15. A". 
