460 EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 
vertex with two truncated denticulated teeth, and from 
the upper sides of which emerge a pair of moveable or- ’ 
gans terminating in a powerful incurved claw, and which 
entirely covers all the other parts of the mouth’. ‘This, 
M. Savigny deems as a second auxiliary labium, and the 
lateral organs of prehension,—which may be regarded 
each as a kind of maxillary hand, and as the only repre- 
sentatives in this tribe of the maxillary palpi, though 
widely different,—he looks upon as really analogous to 
the second pair of legs in Zulus and the hexapods”. These 
two pairs of pedipalpes (to use an expressive French 
term) show their relation to legs by their general struc- 
ture, and their analogy with palpi by their use as oral 
organs, though belonging to the trunk: so that here we 
see the Jegs and their appendages assume a material func- 
tion in manducation, forming a singular contrast to what 
we had observed before with regard to mandibles be- 
coming instruments of locomotion. The mouth of the 
lulida, with little variation, is upon the same plan‘ with 
those here described. 
The next type of form with-regard to the oral organs 
is that of the Arachnida. In these, as you know, the 
head is confounded with the trunk; so that they are a 
kind of Blemmyes in the insect world. Their organs of 
manducation, amongst which there is no /abrum or upper 
lip, are, in the first place, a pair of mandibles planted 
close and parallel to each other in the anterior part of 
the head, which they terminate. In the spiders they con- 
sist of two tubular joints, of which the first is much the 
largest, more or less conical or cylindrical, and armed 
* Prars Vile. 11 f', a > Ubi supra, 45. 
© Ibid. 44—. 
