484 EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 
and then terminating at the sinus of the eyes in an eleva- 
tion for the site of the antenne. In the ants also (For- 
micidé), the front is often elevated between those organs. 
In Ponera, one tribe of them, this elevation is bilobed, 
and receives between its lobes the vertex of the post- 
nasus. In the hornet (Vespa Crabro) the elevation is a 
triangle, with its vertex towards the mouth. In Sagra 
it is marked out into three triangles, the postnasus ma- 
king a fourth, with the vertexes meeting in the centre. 
In the Dynastide and Scarabeide the horns are often 
Jrontal appendages, as is that of Empusa, a leaf-in- 
sect, and probably those of Sphinx Jatropha, which 
affords a singular instance of a horned Lepidopterous 
one*. Sometimes it is an ample space, reducing the 
nose to a very narrow line, as in the Staphylinida, or 
sending forth a lobe on each side, as before mentioned, 
which embraces the nose. In a species of bug from 
Brazil, related to Aradus, these lobes are dilated, folia- 
ceous, and meet before the nose, so as to form a remark- 
able extended frontlet to the head. In others this part 
is extremely minute: thus in many male flies and other 
insects, as the Lzbellulina, where the eyes touch each 
other, the front is cut off from the vertex and reduced 
to a small angle. In the female flies the communication 
with the vertex is kept open, and the front consequently 
longer. In the horse-flies (Tabanide), in Hematopota, 
and Heptatoma, the frontal space is wider than in the 
rest of that tribe. Many of these are distinguished by 
a levigated area behind the antenne in the part we are 
treating of. In the Zzbellulina, and in the drone-bee, 
whose eyes are confluent, the stemmata are in the front. 
* Merian Ins. Sur. t. xxxviil. 
