EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 665 
cindela, &c., it inosculates in it. ‘The part we are con- 
sidering varies in its position with respect to the thigh : 
in the hind-legs of Carabus, &c., it forms a lateral ful- 
crum on the inner side of that part, and does not inter- 
vene between its base- and the coxa; the muscles from 
the latter entering the former, not at the bottom of the 
base, but at its side: but in the four anterior legs it 
forms their base, as it does in all the legs in Apion, and 
in all the Orders except the Coleoptera, cutting them 
entirely off from contact with the coxa: in the Lamelli- 
corns they cut off part of the base obliquely, but so as 
to permit their coming in contact with the condyle of 
the coxa, as before mentioned. In the Jchneumonide 
and some othdr Hymenoptera the trochanter appears to 
consist of ¢wo joints particularly visible in the posterior 
legs 3. 
As to size in general,—the part in question is smaller 
than the coxa; but in Notonecéa it is larger, and in the 
dog-tick (Izodes Licinus) longer than that joint. It ex- 
hibits few variations in its shape or appendages worthy 
of particular notice. In general, in the Coleoptera it is 
triangular or trigonal; but in Carabus in the hind-leg 
it is oblong or rather kidney-shaped ; in that of Necro- 
phorus ® it terminates in one or two teeth or spines, vary- 
ing in length in the different species: in the other Orders 
it is not remarkable in this respect. 
c. Femur or Humerus*. ‘The femur or thigh is the 
third, and usually the largest and most conspicuous joint 
of the leg. In the hypothesis before alluded to‘ it is 
considered as the analogue of the ¢/dca of vertebrate 
* Pirate XXVIL. Fic. 20. 9’. b Ibid. Fie. 28. 
© Pirate XIV. XV. XXVII. 2". " See above, p. 589. 661. 
