EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 667 
tion no more ; in Cerambyx phyllopus the posterior tibia 
is wider than the part last named. Again, the farsi 
are as long as either ¢ibia or thigh in many of the 
larger Dynastide, as Megasoma Acteon, &c.; longer 
than either in Macrodactylus subspinosus; and in Tiphia, 
Scolza and affinities, often as long, or longer than both 
together. 
As to shape,—the thigh, especially in the fore-leg, 
varies considerably: most generally it is flat, linear, and 
a little thicker where it is united to the ¢zbia, on the 
outer side convex, and concave next the body; but in 
many it is gradually thicker from the base to the apex : 
in some Capricorns ( Trachyderes thoracicus) it is clavate; 
in others of this genus and Molorchus they may be called 
capitate ; in Péerostichus they are rather lanceolate; in 
Onitis Sphinx the humerus is triangular, and the inter- 
mediate thigh rhomboidal ; in Bruchus Bactris it is bent 
like a bow; and in some Brazilian Haltice it is nearly 
semicircular. The humerus in Phasma is attenuated at 
the base; in Empusa gongyloides it is at first ovato-lan- 
ceolate, and terminates below in a kind of footstalk *; in 
Phasma flabelliforme it is dolabriform ° ; in Mantis often 
semioval or semielliptical, and thickest at the inner edge, 
which affords space for two rows of spines with which it 
is planted. In Phyllium siccifolium all the thighs are fur- 
nished on both sides with a foliaceous appendage nearly 
from base to apex ©: in a species of Empusa (E. macro- 
ptera), the four posterior ones are so distinguished only 
on their posterior side‘: others of this last genus, as 
E. gongyloides, have an alary appendage on both sides 
a Stoll Spectres t. xvi, f. 58, 59. > Ibid t. xviii. f. 65. 
* Ibid. t. vii. f. 25. 4 Tbid. t. viii. f. 30. 
