﻿380 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  CALIFORNIA 
  

  

  sent 
  were 
  wholly, 
  or 
  nearly 
  so, 
  buried 
  in 
  the 
  sand, 
  at 
  a 
  considerable 
  distance 
  

   below 
  high-water 
  mark. 
  

  

  Cropping 
  out 
  from 
  the 
  bluff 
  at 
  high-water 
  mark 
  is 
  a 
  stratum 
  of 
  a 
  woody 
  

   fiber 
  — 
  possibly 
  in 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  incipient 
  stages 
  of 
  coal 
  formation. 
  In 
  it 
  are 
  found 
  

   sticks, 
  knots, 
  etc., 
  of 
  an 
  extremely 
  fine 
  grain. 
  This 
  lignite, 
  if 
  it 
  is 
  such, 
  

   in 
  drying 
  separates 
  into 
  laminae, 
  like 
  the 
  layers 
  showing 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  trees, 
  

   and 
  when 
  dry 
  makes 
  good 
  fuel. 
  This 
  formation 
  is 
  frequently 
  found 
  here. 
  I 
  

   have 
  seen 
  large 
  quantities 
  in 
  Useless 
  Bay 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  beach, 
  east 
  side 
  of 
  Bain- 
  

   bridge 
  Island, 
  south 
  of 
  Point 
  Monroe. 
  A 
  specimen 
  of 
  this 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  with 
  

   the 
  collection 
  now 
  sent. 
  

  

  Immediately 
  above 
  this 
  formation 
  is 
  a 
  concrete, 
  composed 
  of 
  small 
  boulders 
  

   and 
  cement, 
  showing 
  traces 
  of 
  iron 
  rust. 
  The 
  great 
  body 
  of 
  the 
  bluff 
  is 
  clay. 
  

  

  The 
  portions 
  of 
  a 
  tusk 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  fragmentary 
  condition 
  as 
  they 
  

   are 
  sent. 
  Captain 
  Willoughby 
  has 
  marked 
  some 
  of 
  these 
  pieces, 
  showing 
  the 
  

   parts 
  belonging 
  to 
  each 
  other. 
  

  

  We 
  hope 
  this 
  collection 
  may 
  prove 
  of 
  interest. 
  In 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  boxes 
  I 
  send 
  

  

  several 
  bottles, 
  containing 
  specimens 
  of 
  fish 
  and 
  other 
  marine 
  animals, 
  which 
  we 
  

  

  have 
  collected 
  along 
  these 
  shores. 
  The 
  nondescript 
  in 
  the 
  largest 
  bottle 
  was 
  

  

  brought 
  in 
  by 
  some 
  fishermen 
  at 
  Port 
  Townsend 
  — 
  I 
  think 
  from 
  the 
  Straits 
  of 
  

  

  <> 
  Juan 
  de 
  Fuca. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  Crustacea 
  of 
  California. 
  

  

  BY 
  W. 
  N. 
  LOCKINGTON. 
  

  

  Next 
  to 
  the 
  vertebrates, 
  the 
  creatures 
  with 
  an 
  internal 
  skeleton 
  — 
  mammalia, 
  

   birds, 
  reptiles, 
  and 
  fishes 
  — 
  come 
  the 
  multitudinous 
  species 
  comprised 
  in 
  tlie 
  

   articulate 
  sub-kingdom. 
  All 
  articulates 
  possess 
  an 
  external 
  skeleton, 
  which 
  may 
  

   be 
  leathery, 
  or 
  hard 
  and 
  brittle 
  ; 
  a 
  body 
  divided 
  into 
  several 
  segments 
  ; 
  and 
  

   limbs, 
  when 
  limbs 
  are 
  present, 
  formed 
  of 
  several 
  articulations 
  or 
  joints. 
  

  

  This 
  sub-kingdom 
  includes 
  the 
  insects 
  ; 
  the 
  arachnida, 
  or 
  spiders 
  and 
  mites 
  ; 
  

   the 
  crustaceans, 
  the 
  myriapoda, 
  or 
  centipedes, 
  and 
  the 
  annelida, 
  or 
  worms. 
  

   ■ 
  In 
  complexity 
  and 
  perfection 
  of 
  organization, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  general 
  intelli- 
  

   gence, 
  the 
  insects, 
  which 
  have 
  a 
  distinct 
  head, 
  with 
  well-developed 
  organs 
  of 
  

   sense 
  grouped 
  upon 
  it 
  in 
  close 
  proximity, 
  are 
  certainly 
  entitled 
  to 
  rank 
  first. 
  

  

  The 
  crustaceans, 
  or 
  insects 
  of 
  the 
  water, 
  as 
  they 
  may 
  be 
  called 
  — 
  since 
  crabs, 
  

   lobsters, 
  shrimps, 
  and 
  their 
  congeners 
  fill 
  the 
  same 
  place 
  in 
  the 
  seas 
  and 
  rivers 
  of 
  

   the 
  globe 
  that 
  the 
  insects 
  fill 
  in 
  the 
  air 
  and 
  upon 
  the 
  land 
  — 
  must 
  be 
  placed 
  lower 
  in 
  

   the 
  scale 
  of 
  animal 
  life, 
  since 
  their 
  most 
  highly 
  developed 
  forms 
  are 
  not 
  pos- 
  

   sessed 
  of 
  a 
  distinct 
  head, 
  but 
  have 
  the 
  mouth 
  and 
  organs 
  of 
  sense 
  grouped 
  upon 
  

   the 
  anterior 
  part 
  of 
  what 
  would, 
  in 
  the 
  insect, 
  be 
  called 
  the 
  thorax. 
  The 
  body 
  

   of 
  a 
  crustacean, 
  therefore, 
  is 
  not 
  constricted, 
  as 
  is 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  insect, 
  into 
  three 
  

   distinct 
  portions 
  — 
  a 
  head, 
  a 
  thorax, 
  and 
  an 
  abdomen 
  — 
  but 
  either 
  presents 
  only 
  

   two 
  such 
  divisions 
  — 
  an 
  anterior 
  one, 
  usually 
  denominated 
  the 
  cephalo-thorax, 
  or 
  

   head-thorax, 
  since 
  it 
  contains 
  the 
  organs 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  head 
  and 
  thorax 
  of 
  an 
  

   insect, 
  and 
  the 
  abdomen, 
  which 
  corresoonds 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  an 
  insect 
  ; 
  or 
  else 
  is 
  dis- 
  

  

  