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  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  CALIFORNIA 
  

  

  Santa 
  Clara 
  Yalley 
  into 
  Monterey 
  Bay. 
  Thus, 
  many 
  islands 
  probably 
  existed, 
  

   which 
  are 
  now 
  joined 
  by 
  the 
  main 
  land, 
  among 
  them 
  the 
  peninsula 
  of 
  San 
  Fran- 
  

   cisco. 
  Some 
  oi' 
  the 
  inlets 
  near 
  the 
  coast 
  were 
  occupied 
  by 
  marshes, 
  through 
  

   which 
  the 
  animals 
  of 
  that 
  period 
  reached 
  the 
  nearest 
  islands, 
  as 
  shown 
  by 
  the 
  

   remains 
  of 
  the 
  fossil 
  elephant 
  found 
  near 
  this 
  city. 
  Similar 
  remains 
  found 
  by 
  

   Blunt 
  and 
  Harford, 
  of 
  the 
  Coast 
  Survey, 
  on 
  Santa 
  Rosa 
  Island, 
  show 
  that 
  it 
  

   was 
  then 
  either 
  joined 
  to 
  the 
  main 
  land 
  by 
  dry 
  ground 
  or 
  marshes, 
  as 
  were 
  

   probably 
  the 
  whole 
  inner 
  row 
  of 
  islands 
  now 
  forming 
  the 
  south 
  shore 
  of 
  the 
  

   Santa 
  Barbara 
  channel. 
  

  

  The 
  evidence 
  of 
  all 
  these 
  changes 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  remains 
  of 
  marine, 
  land, 
  and 
  fresh- 
  

   water 
  animals 
  now 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  valleys 
  mentioned, 
  which 
  have 
  become- 
  more 
  or 
  

   less 
  filled 
  up 
  by 
  deposits 
  from 
  the 
  adjoining 
  hills. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  are 
  the 
  most 
  striking 
  forms, 
  described 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Leidy 
  in 
  the 
  

   " 
  Report 
  of 
  the 
  U. 
  S. 
  Geological 
  Survey 
  of 
  the 
  Territories," 
  issued 
  last 
  year. 
  

  

  A 
  tiger 
  [Felis 
  imperialis) 
  as 
  large 
  as 
  the 
  Bengal 
  tiger, 
  found 
  in 
  or 
  near 
  Liv- 
  

   ermore 
  Yalley, 
  by 
  Dr. 
  L. 
  G. 
  Yates. 
  

  

  Wolf 
  {Canis 
  Indianensis) 
  larger 
  than 
  the 
  existing 
  kinds, 
  from 
  same 
  deposit 
  ; 
  

   also 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  tertiary 
  of 
  Indiana, 
  etc. 
  

  

  Llama 
  {Palauchenia 
  Californica) 
  from 
  the 
  foot-hills 
  of 
  Merced 
  County, 
  found 
  

   by 
  C. 
  D. 
  Yoy, 
  larger 
  than 
  the 
  existing 
  camel 
  ; 
  also 
  remains 
  of 
  perhaps 
  another 
  

   species, 
  from 
  Alameda 
  County, 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Yates. 
  

  

  Buffalo 
  {Bison 
  latifrons) 
  found 
  in 
  several 
  parts 
  of 
  this 
  State 
  and 
  the 
  Eastern 
  

   States; 
  larger, 
  and 
  differing 
  from 
  the 
  living 
  form. 
  A 
  very 
  perfect 
  skull 
  was 
  

   found 
  by 
  Mr. 
  C. 
  Brown, 
  engineer 
  of 
  the 
  Pilarcitos 
  Yalley 
  aqueduct, 
  in 
  exca- 
  

   vating 
  for 
  that 
  work. 
  

  

  Horse, 
  (Eqaus 
  occidentaHs) 
  of 
  which 
  remains 
  are 
  common 
  in 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  

   States, 
  though 
  no 
  horses 
  existed 
  on 
  this 
  continent 
  when 
  it 
  was 
  discovered 
  by 
  

   Europeans. 
  

  

  Rhinoceros, 
  {R. 
  kespei'ius) 
  of 
  which 
  teeth 
  were 
  obtained 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Whitney, 
  

   in 
  the 
  Sierra 
  Nevada. 
  

  

  Elephant, 
  (E. 
  Amerkanus) 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  commonest 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  fossil 
  animals 
  

   throughout 
  the 
  United 
  States. 
  

  

  Mastodon, 
  {Ameriranus 
  M.) 
  more 
  rare, 
  but 
  also 
  found 
  in 
  many 
  localities. 
  

  

  Another 
  species, 
  (ill 
  obscurua) 
  first 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  Gulf 
  States, 
  and 
  since 
  by 
  

   Dr. 
  Yates 
  in 
  the 
  foot-hills 
  of 
  the 
  Sierra, 
  Alameda 
  County, 
  etc. 
  

  

  A 
  great 
  tortoise, 
  equal 
  to 
  the 
  Galapagos 
  species 
  in 
  size, 
  but 
  probably 
  of 
  fresh 
  

   water, 
  from 
  a 
  lake 
  deposit 
  of 
  Nevada 
  County. 
  This 
  is 
  still 
  undescribed, 
  being 
  

   one 
  of 
  the 
  fossils 
  obtained 
  by 
  the 
  University 
  from 
  the 
  Geological 
  Survey. 
  

  

  Remains 
  of 
  palms 
  and 
  other 
  tropical 
  trees, 
  chiefly 
  from 
  the 
  lake 
  basins 
  of 
  

   the 
  Sierra, 
  were 
  sent 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Whitney 
  to 
  the 
  eminent 
  Prof. 
  Lesquereux, 
  to 
  be 
  

   described 
  in 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  Geological 
  Reports, 
  that 
  ought 
  to 
  be 
  published 
  by 
  the 
  

   State 
  of 
  California. 
  

  

  From 
  these 
  evidences 
  we 
  perceive 
  that 
  the 
  climate 
  of 
  that 
  day 
  was 
  tropical. 
  

   The 
  country 
  consisted 
  of 
  peninsulas 
  and 
  islands 
  like 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  East 
  

   Indies, 
  resembling 
  them 
  also 
  in 
  climate 
  and 
  productions. 
  From 
  the 
  extent 
  of 
  

  

  