Chap. I. 



HISTORY OF THE ACALEPIIS. 



17 



by these expeditions. Cavolini ' investigates the minute animals of the Mediter- 

 I'anean. Pennant" those of the coast of England, Forskal and Lritling^ those of the 

 Eed Sea and of New Spain, Swartz* those of the Antilles, Modeer^ those of the 

 Northern Ocean, Scopoli " and Olivi " those of the Adriatic, and Macri ^ those of the 

 Bay of Naples. Everywhere, stimnlated by the influence of their great teacher, we 

 find the pupils of Linntcus foremost in this race for knowledge. The harvest of Aca- 

 lephs is, however, still scanty ; and the works of Pallas, Forskal, 0. F. Miiller, and (), 

 Fabricius, are the only ones deserving now special attentio'n, and tliis chiefly on 

 account of the influence their accurate descriptions had upon the progress of that 

 branch of Zoology. Pallas, in his Zoological Miscellanies, published in 1776, is the 

 first who gives accurate figures of Hydroids, without suspecting, however, tliat the\- 

 have the least relation to the Medusaj jiroper. 



The use of the microscope having become more frequent, objects are not only 

 examined with more care and accuracy than before, but also frequently magnified, 

 so as to give a more satisfactory view of their parts. The treatise of Ellis'-' on 

 Corallines is, in that respect, a master-work, to this day indispensaljle to the student 

 of the Hydroids ; and next to it must be ranked the work of Cavolini. 



The last quarter of this century is marked hy various compilations of the labors 



^ Cavolini (Fil.), Memorie per servire alia 

 Storia dei Polipi marini, Napoli, 1785, 4to. fig. Ger- 

 man translation by W. Sprengel : Aljlian<llungen 

 uber Pflanzenthiere de* Mittelmeeres, Nurnberg, 

 1813, 4to. fig. — Nuove Ricercho sulle Gorgonie e 

 sulle Madrepore, Napoli, 178.'), 4ti>. fig. Gorman 

 translation by Zimmermann, Berlin, 1702, 8vo. — 

 Memoria siilla Generazione dei Pesei e dei Gran- 

 chi, Napoli, 1787, 4to. German translation by Zim- 

 mermann : Alihandlung iilier die Erzeugung der 

 Fische imd der Krebse, Berlin, 1792, 8vo. fig. 



^ Pennant (Thojias), British Zoology, Lond. 

 1761, 1 vol. fob; 17G8-17C0, .'J vols. 8vo. ; 103 ad- 

 ditional plates, 1770 ; 177G-1777, 4 vols. 8vo. ; 

 1812, 4 vols. 8vo. 



^ LoFLiNG (Peter), Iter hispanicum ; eller 

 Resa til spanska Liinderna uti Europa, oeh America, 

 Stockholm, 1768, 8vo. fig. German translation by 

 Al. B. Kblpin : Reise nacli den spanischen Liin- 

 dern, Berlin, 1776, 1 vol. 8vo. fig. 



•* SwAKTZ (Olof), Medusa ungukulaia och Ac- 

 tinia pusilla upptiickta och beskrifna, Yet. Acad. 

 Handl. 1788, p. 198. 



VOL. IIL 3 



^ MoDF.ER (Adoli'ii), Cm Sliigtet Sjokalf, Me- 

 dusa, in Svenska Yetenskaps Academiens Nya 

 Handlingar, Vol. XII. 1791. 



^ Scopoli (J. Ant.), Introductio ad Historiam 

 naturalem, sistcns genera Lapidum, Plantarum et 

 Animalium, etc., in tribus divisa, snbinde ad leges 

 Natura', Praga-, 1777, 8vo. — Anni historico-natu- 

 rales, lY. Lipsia-, 17C9-177->, 5 vols. 8vo. 



' Olivi (Gius.), Zoologia Adriatica, o.ssia Cata- 

 logo raggionato degli Animali del Golfo e delle 

 Lagune di Venezia, Bassano, 1792, 4to. fig. 



' Macri (Sav.), Nuove Osservazioni intorno 

 la Storia naturale del Polmone marino degli Anti- 

 chi, Napoli, 1779, 12mo. 



" Ellis (.J.), An P^ssay towards a Natural His- 

 tory of the Corallines and other Marino Productions 

 of the like kind, commonly found on the coasts <if 

 Great Britain and Ireland, etc., London, 175.5, 4to. 

 fig. French translation : Essai sur I'llistoire Natu- 

 relle des Corallines, etc., LaHaye, 1758, 4to. fig. 

 German translation : Yersuch einer Naturgeschichte 

 der Korall-Arten und andorer solcher Meerkorper, 

 Nurnberg, 1764, 4to. fig. 



