22 



ACALEPIIS IN GENERAL. 



Part I. 



vign3''.s^ admirable irsca relics upon eoinpuiiiKl Aseidians may lie .said to have 

 eoiitiibuted largely to the progress of the natural history of Aealephs. The same 

 is true of the papers of (Jhamisso- and (Juvier^ ui)on the Salpiw The attempt of 

 Latreille * to characterize the natural families of the animal kingdom did nothing 

 towards improving the classification of the Aealephs; hut Van der Iloeven gave a 

 good account of Avhat was then known about them.'' In the spiecial FaunfB of Risso*^ 

 and Fleming," there is much to be gleaned. The pa})er of Hang'* deserves especially 

 to be noticed, as it is very impjortant for the study of the Beroids. 



The interest excited by the success attending a combination (jf political objects 

 with scientific explorations in the voyage of Captain Bauilin soon led other powers 

 to imitate the example of the French government, and the result has been a series 

 of invaluable contri])utions to science. The most important of these scientific 

 ex2)loring expeditions are as follows : that of Admiral Krusenstern, with Langsdorf 

 and Tilesius as naturalists;-' the two voyages of Caj)tain Kotzeluie,"^ with Chamisso 

 and Eschscholtz as naturalists; then the voyage of Captain Freycinet" in the Uranie 



^ Savigny (.Tilks-Cesai!), JIuiiKiires siir les 

 uiiiiuiiux sans vc-rtebrcs, Paris, ISKi, 2 vols. 8vo. 

 See also the great work iipon Ixi^yjit publislied liy 

 order ot" Najiok'on after tin.' nieinuralilc; eampaign 

 of 17:18. 



- Chamisso (Aluertus de) i:t Eyseniiai!I)T 

 (C. G.), De Animalibus quibusdain e elasse ^'enlli- 

 um Liniia^ana, in circnmnavigatione lerne, aiispi- 

 cante eomite N. Ro.MAXZOFr, dnce OiT. df. Kiitzi:- 

 1'.i:e, ann. lSl.j-]818 peraeta, observatis. Aet. N. 

 Nat. Cuv. 1810. 4to. 



" CcviEU (G.), Memoii-e sar b'S Tlialides et 

 les Biphores, Ann. dn Mas. ISIIl, IV. p. .'ICo. — 

 Memoire snr les Ascidios, Mem. du Mus. 181."), II. 

 J). 10. lioth tliese papers are reprinted in j\Ie- 

 nioires ponr servir a I'llistoire et ii rAnatoniie des 

 Mollnsqnes, Paris, 1817, Ito. iig. 



•' Latreille (P. A.), Families naturelles dn 

 IJegiie animal, exposees sneeessivement et dans nn 

 ordre aiial3'tiiine, avee Fiiidieation de lenrs gein-es, 

 Paris, 182.5, 8vo. 



^ Van dek IIoeven (.Tun an.), Talmla Kegni 

 animalis, additis Classinm Oi-dinnnnpie <-liaracteri- 

 bus, Lugd.-Bat., 1828, Ibl. — Handljoek der Dier- 

 knnde. Delft, 1827, 8vo.; Rotterdam, 1828,3d edit., 

 2 vols. 8vo. — English translation: Handbook of 



Zoology, liy the Rev. W. Clark, Cambridge, 1856- 

 1858, 2 vols. 8vo. lig. This is the best modern 

 text-book of sjieeial Zoiilogy. 



•^ Kisso (A.), Ilistoii'e nalnrelle des prineipales 

 produetions de I'Europe meridionale, jwrticnlierement 

 de cellos des environs de Niee et des Alpes mari- 

 times, Pai-is, lS2ri, ;') v(ds. 8vo. tig. 



' Fi>EMiX(; (.Tonx), A History of liritisli Ani- 

 mals, exhiliiting their Descriptive Cliaracters, Edin- 

 bnrgh, 1828, 8vo. — Tlie I'hilosophy of Zoology, 

 London, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. 



"* Eaxg (.Saxdei;), Elablisscment de la famille 

 des lieroidcs dans I'ordi-e des Acalcplies libres, et 

 Description de diMix genres nonveanx ipii liii 

 appartiennent, Mem. Soc. Hist. n. Par. IX. p. 100, 

 fig.; Eerussae, IJnll. 1829, 17, ji. Ml. 



» See note ;i, j). 20. 



'" Kotzelu:e (Orro), Voyage piltoresqne antour 

 dn monde, snr le brick le Ruriek, en 1815-1818, 

 Paris, 1821-1S2:!, fbl. — Nene Reise nm die "Welt 

 in den .lahren 182;i-l.s20, AVeimar, 18.30, 2 vols. 

 8vo. fig. 



" Ekeycinet (L. de). Voyage autonr dn monde 

 snr les c(jrveltes TUranie et la Physicienne, pendant 

 les annees 1817-1820, I'aris, 1824, 8 vols. -Ito. and 

 ■1 vols. atl. fol. 



