134 ACALEPHS IN GENERAL. Part I. 



Goklfuss was one of tlie most einineiit zoologists of the German school of 

 Phjsio-pliilosophers. Adopting the general view of Oken, that the animal kingdom 

 is an organic Avhole, representing as it were the individualized parts of the highest 

 living beings, he considers the classes and their subdivisions as determined by the 

 nature of the organs through which animal life is maintained. In the special 

 parts of his Text-)jook he disjalays an extensive acquaintance with the whole animal 

 kingdom, and suggests many important improvements over the classifications of his 

 predecessors. His arrangement of the Acaleplis especially, discloses a better ap- 

 preciation of their affinities than any previous system. 



CLASSIFICATION OF GOLDFUSS, 1820. 



In liis " Handbuch der Zoologie," published in 1820, Goklfuss unites into one class, under the name 



of Protozoa, the following groups of animals, which he considers as orders of that class: 1° Infusoria, 



2° Phytozoa, 3° Lithozoa, 4° Mcdusiiuv. This fourth order embraces the Acalej)lis proper, which are 



divided into the following families : — 



1st Family. jFquoke^e : Eudora, Ephyra, jE(piorea, Orythia, Oceania, Cephea, Pelagia, Cassiopea, 



Callirhoc. 

 2d Family. Bkuoes : Idia, Beroe, Cestuni, Callianira. 



3d Family. PiiYsoriiou,E : Rhizophysa, Physophora, Stcphanomia, Arethusa. 

 4th Family. Pi>im'IT,e : Porpita, Velella. 



The Ilydroids are divi<led among the orders Infusoria and Phytozoa, and the Corallinn:' and Crinoids 

 among the Lithozoa. The separation of the Beroes and I'orpita- from the MedusM jiruper is a marked 

 improvement over the classification of Cuvier. 



As naturalist of the expedition of the Rurick around the world, Chamisso had 

 excellent opportunities for studying the Acaleplis, and his special investigations of 

 many new forms are truly valualjle. His paper upon Salpa, also the result of 

 this voyage, is the most important contrilnition of the poet-naturalist to the advance- 

 ment of science. In working up his materials relating to the Acale^^hs, he was 

 assisted l)y his friend Eysenhardt, himself the author of an excellent paper upon 

 the auiitomy ol' Ehizostoma. 



CLASSIFICATION OF CHAMISSO AND EYSENHARDT, 1821. 



Medusae. Vesicnlares: Physalia, Physophora, Phizophysa. 



Medusa' projier : Rhizostoma, Cephea, Pelagia, Cyanea, Aurelia, iEquorea. 

 Vibraiites: Beroe, Callianira, Cestum, Ap[)endicularia. 

 Chondrophora' : Velella, Porpita. 

 Anomalie: Diphyes, Stephanomia. 



This classification is a mere reproduction of tliat of Goldfuss, with a change of names and an 

 injudicious separation of Stejihanomia and Diphyes from the other Siplionojihor;e. 



